Old-fashioned horse racing (Japan)
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Ancient Japanese Horse racing is a competition in which horses are run to compete for their running speed and the riding skills of the jockeys, it also exists as a Shinto ritual.
Summary[edit]
According to the Nihon Shoki, there is an article from the 8th year of Emperor Tenmu (679) that states that horses were actually compared in a running contest in order to appreciate the swiftness of good horses. However, this kind of appreciation event developed separately as a horse-running event during the festival, and it became a court event to compete in horse speed and Equestrianism with Mounted archery (horse-running) over two days until the 6th on the occasion of the annual festival on May 5th. Mounted archery and Yumi.
Location[edit]
In the Nara period, the ceremony was held in the Nan-en of the Heijō Palace, and in the Heian period, it was held at Butokuden (also called Umakidono/Baba-dono).
In the Heian period, horse races were held at Butokuden (also known as Umakidono/Baba-dono). In the mid-Heian period, occasional horse races were held at Gyogu (Imperial palace), Rikyu (detached palace), the residences of Kugyō, and the grounds of Shinto shrine. However, because horse breeding originally had a military component, it could not be conducted by vassals, and in fact was a privilege reserved for regents or similar lords. Fujiwara no Michinaga was often accused by Fujiwara no Sanesuke of holding private horse races,[1] In addition, in the first year of Kankō (1004), he held a horse race at his own residence under the guise of a visit by Emperor Kazan, and since then he has held horse races under the pretext of visits by Emperor Ichijō and Emperor Sanjō. The Emperor Ichijō and Emperor Sanjō His successor, Fujiwara no Yorimichi, held a horse race at Koyo-in in the first year of the Wanjyu Era (1024), which is depicted in the "Horse Race" and "Horse Race Emaki" of Eiga Monogatari. In the Shinto shrines, the Kamo Shrines, Iwashimizu Hachimangūs, and Kasuga-taishas are known for their rituals.
In particular, the horse races at Kamigamo Shrine are famous, and although the number of events held at the court's Butokuden began to decline after the Middle Ages, as well as the number of temporary horse races, they are still held as "horserace rituals" (also called "Kamokurabeuma"). However, it is still held as a "horserace ritual" (also called Kamo-kurabeuma), and the ancient custom has been inherited to this day. This custom was started by Fujiwara no Michinaga, and with the exception of Fujiwara no Moromichi, who passed away early in life, it has been the custom of successive Fuji clan chiefs (with some exceptions, the regent has also been a chief) to hold a horse race at least once during their tenure at Kasuga Taisha. [2]。
Court Event[edit]
In horse racing as a court event, two untrained horses are placed on either side of each other and run on a straight track. The horses are skillfully controlled by a jockey called "Norijiri," who competes for first place while obstructing the progress of his competitors. The winner was the one who got the horse to the finish line safely and quickly, and the loser was the one who fell off the horse. This was an elaborate competition that tested not only the speed of the horse, but also the riding skills of the rider. After the second horse, the losing horse would start ahead of the winning horse, and the winning horse would start after the losing horse, and the winning horse would have to overtake the losing horse to enter the horse park. The winner was determined by the left or right side of the horse.
In a straight line course, a black wooden Fence called a "rachis" is set up on the left and right, and three trees are set up as landmarks along the way. In the case of horse racing, the first tree is used as the horse's stable, the second tree is used as the tree of victory, and the last tree is used as a mark of victory. The last tree has the mark of victory, and a Hoko yari is placed beside it to mark the goal. The spectators were supposed to watch the game from one of the buildings in the center overlooking the paddock, and the pavilion on either side.
The jockeys were selected from military officers belonging to the royal guard or the horseman's office, and wore a jacket of the same color as their Japanese court rank and a type of uchikake-style gown.[3]。
It was popular until the Middle Ages, and in the diary of Emperor Hanazono, "Hanazono-in Shinki", January 28th 1325 As an article of the article, Emperor Go-Daigo and Crown prince Kuniyoshi sent messengers to Kamakura one after another in search of a favorable ruling from Kamakura shogunate over the legitimacy of succession to the throne. It is ironic that he calls the situation "horse racing in the world".
References[edit]
- Keizo Suzuki, "Horse Racing" and "Horse Racing Costumes," Yoshikawa Kobunkan, Dictionary of National History
- Yoshikazu Kondo, "Horse Racing," Kadokawa Shoten, Encyclopedia of Heian Period History
- Ritsuko Nakagome, "Setsuke-ka to Ma (The Setsuke-ka Family and Horses)," Kokura Shobo, Tax and Fiscal Structure and Receipts in the Heian Period
See Also[edit]
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