Open access in India
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Indian open access (OA) movement developed in the early 2000s and has advanced mainly through the "green" route of self-archiving in institutional repositories. India's first such repository, ePrints@IISc at the Indian Institute of Science, was set up in 2002.[1] Later milestones include the 2006 Bangalore model national open access policy,[2] the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) mandate of 2011,[3] the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) policy of 2013,[4] and the joint open access policy of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST) in 2014.[5] In 2026 India hosted the 3rd Global Summit on Diamond open access in Bengaluru.[6]
History
The following table lists major events in the development of open access in India.
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 2000 | National conference on "Advances in Information Access and Science Communication" held at the M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Chennai.[7] |
| 2002 | ePrints@IISc established at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India's first institutional repository.[1] |
| 2004 | The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) signs the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities. MSSRF hosts a workshop on open access and institutional repositories.[7] |
| 2005 | The Right to Information Act is enacted. The University Grants Commission (UGC) drafts regulations on the electronic submission of doctoral theses.[7] |
| 2006 | The Bangalore model National Open Access Policy for Developing Countries is drafted at a workshop in Bangalore (2–3 November).[2] A session on open access is held at the 93rd Indian Science Congress. National Institute of Technology, Rourkela and Bharathidasan University adopt self-archiving mandates.[7] |
| 2006–2007 | The National Knowledge Commission (NKC) recommends that peer-reviewed research from publicly funded work be made available through open access channels.[8][9] |
| 2009 | The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) adopts an open access policy for its publications.[7] UGC regulations on M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees require the electronic deposit of theses, which are later collected in Shodhganga.[10] |
| 2011 | CSIR issues an open access mandate for its laboratories.[3] The advocacy group Open Access India is formed.[11] A national seminar on open access is held at the India International Centre, New Delhi.[7] |
| 2012 | The Government of India notifies the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP).[12] |
| 2013 | ICAR adopts an open access policy (announced 13 September 2013).[4] |
| 2014 | DBT and DST adopt a joint open access policy.[5] |
| 2015 | UNESCO and the Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA) release open access curricula for researchers and library schools. The CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (CSIR-URDIP) launches the Listing of Open Access Databases (LOADB).[7] |
| 2018 | The National Digital Library of India portal is launched nationally (19 June 2018).[13] |
| 2024 | The Union Cabinet approves the One Nation One Subscription scheme (25 November 2024).[14] |
| 2026 | The 3rd Global Summit on Diamond Open Access is held in Bengaluru (2–6 February 2026) and adopts the Bengaluru Roadmap and Action Plan.[15][6] |
Diamond open access
The 3rd Global Summit on Diamond Open Access was held in Bengaluru from 2 to 6 February 2026.[15] Its outcome document, the Bengaluru Roadmap and Action Plan on Diamond Open Access, reflected input from 347 participants across 36 countries. It sets out six action areas: integrating diamond open access into national policy and legal frameworks; redirecting publishing spending toward community-governed infrastructure; reforming research evaluation; strengthening shared infrastructure and interoperability; recognising the labour behind scholarly communication; and promoting linguistic diversity. Its implementation is to be reviewed at the 4th summit, scheduled for December 2026 in Indonesia.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jayakanth, Francis; Minj, Filbert; Silva, Usha; Jagirdar, Shivaprasad (2008). "ePrints@IISc: India's First and Fastest Growing Institutional Repository". OCLC Systems & Services: International Digital Library Perspectives. 24 (1): 59–70. doi:10.1108/10650750810847260.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Suber, Peter (22 November 2006). "Model OA Policy for Developing Countries". Open Access News. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "CSIR Open Access Mandate" (PDF). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "ICAR Adopts Open Access Policy". AIMS, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "DST and DBT's Open Access Policy Approved". BioSpectrum. 24 December 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Bengaluru Roadmap and Action Plan on Diamond Open Access". Science Europe. 13 May 2026. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Roy, Bijan Kumar; Biswas, Subal Chandra; Mukhopadhyay, Parthasarathi (2018). "Open Access Repositories in India: Growth, Overview of System and Policy Implementation". Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1968.
- ↑ Suber, Peter (12 January 2007). "India's NKC Recommends OA for Publicly-Funded Research". Open Access News. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ "Recommendations". National Knowledge Commission, Government of India. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ "Shodhganga: A Reservoir of Indian Theses" (PDF). INFLIBNET Centre. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ "Facebook Group 'Open Access India' Formed". AIMS, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ "National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy". Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ "About Us". National Digital Library of India. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ "Cabinet Approves One Nation One Subscription" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 25 November 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "3rd Global Summit on Diamond Open Access, Bengaluru, 2–6 February 2026". Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia. Retrieved 19 October 2026.
Further reading
- Arunachalam, Subbiah (2008). Open Access in India: Hopes and Frustrations. ELPUB 2008.
- Arunachalam, Subbiah; Muthu, Madhan (2011). Open Access to Scholarly Literature in India: A Status Report (PDF) (Report). Centre for Internet and Society.
External links
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