Optical properties of selenium
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Selenium powder is an amorphous brick-red powder that may turn black upon exposure to air.[1] Vitreous ingots and films/crystals are black.[2] Its properties are divided into structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric aspects. Its behavior to various external agents is important from both basic research and technical viewpoints.
Optical properties
Several approaches analyze selenium film transmittance data to extract optical constants and related topics.[3] The Swanepoel envelope method (EM) is reliable, does not require prior dispersion relations, but is limited to transmittance spectra with many peaks (maxima and minima).[4] However, EM's validity is limited to a wide spectral region in the quasi-transparency range.[5][6] Conventional curve-fitting, which relies on available dispersion formulas, may produce multiple solutions (local solutions), requiring careful selection of the physically meaningful global solution.[7]
Thermoanalytical properties
Stoichiometric films of selenium-based alloys, such as Bi-Se and Bi-Te composites, are important for memory switch devices. Thermoanalytical studies often provide information on stoichiometry, melting/boiling points, and kinetic reactions for decomposition and crystallization. Thermoanalytical study of Bi-Se composites using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) experiments with a single heating rate, and analysis of the measured non-isothermal TG and DTG curves via model-based kinetic reaction formulas of original Coats-Redfern (CR) and Achar-Brindley-Sharp (ABS) equations, yields promising results on the nature of kinetic reaction models in these systems.[8] However, analysis based on model-free kinetic reaction formulations and multiple heating rates, along with differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), usually provides more information on crystallinity and thermal properties.[9]
Electric and dielectric properties
Investigating the electrical and dielectric properties of undoped amorphous and crystalline selenium films, and Se-based composites, often provides insights into electrical behavior, conduction, and dispersion processes, which are important for the design and manufacturing of electronic devices.[10] [11] [12] [13][14][15]
See also
References
- ↑ GOV, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US. "SELENIUM POWDER | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
- ↑ O’Bannon, Loran S. Dictionary of Ceramic Science and Engineering | SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2655-7. Search this book on
- ↑ Jafar, Mousa M. Abdul-Gader; Saleh, Mahmoud H.; Ahmad, Mais Jamil A.; Bulos, Basim N.; Al-Daraghmeh, Tariq M. (2016-04-01). "Retrieval of optical constants of undoped amorphous selenium films from an analysis of their normal-incidence transmittance spectra using numeric PUMA method". Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 27 (4): 3281–3291. doi:10.1007/s10854-015-4156-z. ISSN 0957-4522.
- ↑ Saleh, Mahmoud H.; Ershaidat, Nidal M.; Ahmad, Mais Jamil A.; Bulos, Basim N.; Jafar, Mousa M. Abdul-Gader (2017-06-01). "Evaluation of spectral dispersion of optical constants of a-Se films from their normal-incidence transmittance spectra using Swanepoel algebraic envelope approach". Optical Review. 24 (3): 260–277. doi:10.1007/s10043-017-0311-5. ISSN 1340-6000.
- ↑ "Comprehensive formulations forthe total normal-incidence optical reflectance and transmittance of thin films laid on thick substrates". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
- ↑ Minkov, D.A.; Gavrilov, G.M.; Angelov, G.V.; Moreno, J.M.D.; Vazquez, C.G.; Ruano, S.M.F.; Marquez, E. "Optimisation of the envelope method for characterisation of optical thin film on substrate specimens from their normal incidence transmittance spectrum". Thin Solid Films. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2017.11.003.
- ↑ Saleh, Mahmoud H.; Jafar, Mousa M. Abdul-Gader; Bulos, Basim N.; Al-Daraghmeh, Tariq M. F. (2014-10-21). "Determination of Optical Properties of Undoped Amorphous Selenium (a-Se) Films by Dielectric Modeling of Their Normal-Incidence Transmittance Spectra". Applied Physics Research. 6 (6): 10. doi:10.5539/apr.v6n6p10. ISSN 1916-9647.
- ↑ Ahmad, Mais Jamil A.; Jafar, Mousa M. Abdul-Gader; Saleh, Mahmoud H.; Shehadeh, Khawla M.; Telfah, Ahmad; Ziq, Khalil A. (2017-09-30). "Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters and Thermal Stability of Melt-Quenched BixSe100−x Alloys (x ≤7.5 at%) by Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis". Applied Microscopy. 47 (3). doi:10.9729/AM.2017.47.3.110. ISSN 2287-5123.
- ↑ Introduction to Thermal Analysis - Techniques and | Michael Ewart Brown | Springer. Search this book on
- ↑ Abdul-Gader Jafar, M. M.; Nigmatullin, R. R. (2001-09-21). "Identification of a new function model for the AC-impedance of thermally evaporated undoped selenium films using the Eigen-coordinates method". Thin Solid Films. 396 (1): 282–296. doi:10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01166-X.
- ↑ ABDUL-GADER, M. M.; AL-BASHA, MAHMOUD A.; WISHAH, K. A. (1998-07-01). "Temperature dependence of DC conductivity of as-deposited and annealed selenium films". International Journal of Electronics. 85 (1): 21–41. doi:10.1080/002072198134328. ISSN 0020-7217.
- ↑ I.F., Al-Hamarneh,; B.N., Bulos,; Abdul-Gader, Jafar, M.M. "Effect of isothermal annealing and visible-light illumination on the AC-impedance behavior of undoped selenium thin films". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 355 (4–5). ISSN 0022-3093.
- ↑ "Wiley: Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 3rd Edition - Simon M. Sze, Kwok K. Ng". eu.wiley.com. Retrieved 2017-11-08.
- ↑ Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy | Friedrich Kremer | Springer. Search this book on
- ↑ K.), Jonscher, A. K. (Andrzej (1983). Dielectric relaxation in solids. London: Chelsea Dielectrics Press. ISBN 0950871109. OCLC 10084589. Search this book on
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