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Ornata group

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


  • Comment: Please look at what you have written through WIkipedia's lens.
    This is a class discussion paper rather than an encyclopaedia article. 🇵🇸‍🇺🇦 FiddleTimtrent FaddleTalk to me 🇺🇦‍🇵🇸 12:57, 12 August 2026 (UTC)

The Ornata group is a sub-group of the genera Goeppertia and Calathea sharing similar characteristics and a genetic relationship. It was first described with the discovery of the famous species Goeppertia ornata by Lemaire in 1848 and later expanded with the addition of the other species belonging to the Ornata group.:[1]

Description

The Ornata group is characterized by two factors. One by species of Goeppertia and Calathea having patterned leaves with pink or white lines above between the lateral veins. The leaves are usually purple underneath and sometimes change to green as the plant matures. Most of the striped-pattern species and some green species can have or develop a secondary pattern with maturity or through variation called the “brush” pattern. This pattern consists of two broad, longitudinal, yellowish-green bands on each side of the leaf.

The other factor is to correspond to genetic relationship between species, characterized by new shoots coming from the rhizome, by a single inflorescence on a shoot, often on at the end of a main leaf shoot or sometimes on a separate shoot. Also by having bracts that are all fertile, spirally arranged around the peduncle, either persistent or dying off fast, by having no bracteoles or only one or two by flower pair. The flowers are always open, from being white to orange or purple, the fruit being three sided, with 3 distinct parts, fleshy, and from red to orange and sometimes purple. The sepals usually die off but can be persistent and the seeds are blue to dark blue with a white aril. [2][3]

Species belonging to the Ornata group

According to Helen Kennedy and other specialists:[2][4][5][6][1][3][7][8]

More details

- Goeppertia altissima : G.altissima is a species native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, and Venezuela. It has long green leaves with long petioles and a long green pulvinus. It is not stated that it can have any pattern on juvenile leaves but it could probably develop the brush pattern. The inflorescence of G.altissima is made of multiple bracts on a very long peduncle. The bracts are spiky, green with orange and the flowers are either all white or white with an orange center. [9]

- Goeppertia bantae : G. bantae is a species native to Colombia and Ecuador.[10] It has long dark green leaves with purple undersides, a long petiole, and a short pulvinus (in contrast to the long green pulvinus of C. monstera). Juvenile plants usually have pink or white lines above the leaves. With maturity, they often lose their pattern and become plain green. This species can, through variation, develop the brush pattern. The inflorescence of G. bantae is similar to G. elliptica and G. sanderiana, but with green bracts and white and green flowers.[3][1]

- Goeppertia cannoides : G.cannoides is a species native to Brazil and Venezuela. It has small long green leaves with long petioles and a long pulvinus. [11] It cannot develop any pattern and stays green throughout it's life. The inflorescence of G.cannoides is somewhat similar to Goeppertia elliptica, with spiky elliptic bracts around the peduncle. The thin bracts are green and the flowers yellow. [7]

- Goeppertia dilabens : G.dilabens is a species endemic to French Guiana.[12] It has long green leaves with long petioles and a shot pulvinus. It cannot develop any pattern as well. The inflorescence is made of multiple bracts around a green peduncle. The bracts are green and brown, soon drying out and the flowers are small and white cream. [13]

- Goeppertia elliptica : G. elliptica is a species native to French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil.[14] It has wide green leaves with long petioles and a long pulvinus. Juvenile plants usually have pink or white lines above. With maturity, the pattern disappears, either becoming plain green or developing the brush pattern. The inflorescence of G. elliptica is composed of multiple bracts arranged around a peduncle-like spike. The bracts are green with a brownish shade and the flowers are cream-colored. [9][1]

- Goeppertia grandis : G. grandis is a species native to French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, and Brazil[15]. It is a very large plant (around 1.5 m tall) with large green leaves, very tall petioles, and a long pulvinus. Juvenile plants usually have pink lines which later disappear with maturity. It has not been confirmed whether this species can develop the brush pattern. The inflorescence is made of multiple bracts on a thick, purple to green peduncle. The bracts a green and brown, already dying off as soon as they emerge, the shape is similar to Goeppertia inocephala. The flowers are among the biggest of the genus, and are white and cream. [9][1]

- Goeppertia gymnocarpa : G. gymnocarpa is a species native to Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.[16] It has large green leaves with short, thick petioles and a long pulvinus. Juvenile plants often have pink lines above. These either disappear with maturity and the leaves become entirely green, or the pattern transitions into the brush pattern as the pink lines fade. Some mature specimens retain the brush pattern. The inflorescence consists of multiple small creamy-yellow bracts around a very thick, short green peduncle. The flowers are white with a yellowish center.[1][17]

- Goeppertia incompta : G.incompta is a species native to Costa Rica. It has large, green, ovale leaves, thick, green petioles and a long pulvinus. Some plants can often develop the brush pattern which usually disappear with maturity, though some specimens do retain it. This species cannot develop the stripped pattern. The inflorescence is made of multiple pointy green or brown bracts on a long, green peduncle. The flowers are white with a yellow center.[18]

- Goeppertia inocephala : G. inocephala is a species native to Belize, northern Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, southeastern Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.[19] It is one of the largest species in the genus, with large green leaves, very tall and thick green petioles, and a long pulvinus. This species is usually plain green throughout its life, but some specimens can rarely develop pink lines above the leaves during the juvenile stage. The brush pattern can probably be present on this species. The inflorescence is composed of multiple orange or red bracts shaped like a ball. The flowers are cream or yellow, and the staminodes are tube-shaped. The entire inflorescence usually rots rapidly. [3]

- Goeppertia majestica : G. majestica is a species native to Bolivia, northern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, and Peru, and was introduced in Venezuela.[20] It has huge, long green leaves with tall, thick petioles and a long pulvinus. The undersides of the leaves are usually purple but can occasionally be green. Juvenile plants have pink or white lines above the leaves which often remain at maturity, although they may sometimes fade and become plain green. This species is polymorphic, and the color and pattern of the lines can vary greatly. One variety develops the brush pattern from juvenile to mature stages and is known as “Princeps.” The inflorescence is composed of multiple green to yellow bracts on a thick green peduncle, revealing cream and purple flowers.[1][3]

- Goeppertia multicincta : G. multicincta is a species native to Colombia and Ecuador.[21] It has small, shiny green leaves with long petioles and a long green pulvinus. The undersides of the leaves are green. The plants usually have white or silvery thick lines above and can either stay or diseappear with maturity. The inflorescence is very similar to Goeppertia gymnocarpa, made of multiple bracts on a thick, short peduncle. The bracts are green and dying off early, it makes a lot of flowers which are cream, yellow and purple. [3]

- Goeppertia ornata : G. ornata is a species native to Colombia and Venezuela.[22] Juvenile plants have dark green leaves with pink lines above which later become white before eventually fading as the leaves turn plain green. The inflorescence is composed of bracts forming a small spike; the color of the bracts and flowers is unknown. This species is relatively easy to identify because of the characteristic hairs on the leaf surface.[1]

- Goeppertia pachystachya : G.pachystachya is a species native to Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru.[23] It has large, wide and pointy green leaves with long and thick green petioles and a long green pulvinus. This species can come with the brush pattern, which can stay even on mature specimen. The inflorescence is similar to Goeppertia variegata but it has wider bracts. The flowers are cream. The key to identify this species is when fruiting, the sepals are persistent and bright red on the white seeds. [24]

- Goeppertia regalis : G. regalis is a species native to Peru.[25] Juvenile plants have pink lines above the leaves and purple undersides. As the plant matures, the striped pattern slowly fades and introduces the brush pattern, which later also fades until the leaves become plain green. Unfortunately, the inflorescence and flowers remain unknown. [1]

- Goeppertia sanderiana : G. sanderiana is a species native to Peru and introduced in Honduras and El Salvador.[26] It has wide, shiny dark green leaves with purple undersides, tall thick petioles, and a long green pulvinus. Juvenile plants have pinkish-white lines above which fade with maturity. Mature leaves are plain green. This species cannot develop the brush pattern. The inflorescence is similar to Goeppertia elliptica, but the bracts are deep purple and the flowers are yellow and purple. [1]

- Goeppertia steyermarkii : G. steyermarkii is a species native to Venezuela.[27] It has huge, almost round green leaves with thick, long petioles and a long green pulvinus. Supposedly, this species is one of the members of the Ornata group that cannot develop the striped pattern and instead only has the brush pattern. Juvenile plants have a thick, very dark green pattern along the middle vein which forms two green bands on each side of the leaf. The pattern disappears as the plant matures. The inflorescence is composed of multiple purple bracts forming a large spike, and the flowers are white, yellow, and purple.[6]

- Goeppertia straminea : G.straminea is a species native to Brazil, Colombia and Peru. The leaves are small and long with long petioles and a long pulvinus.[28] This species (and a relative, Goeppertia zingiberina) is very different from the others by having a ground infloresence, with a very different shape. It is still considered in the Ornata group by Helen Kennedy, by having solitary, pedunculate flower pairs, rudimentary bracteoles (like G.zingiberina and G.cannoides) and by having a tuberculate capsule (like G.cannoides). [7][8] It cannot develop any pattern. The inflorescence of G.straminea is made of multiple, single bracts placed all around on a long brown peduncle. The bracts are small and brown and the flowers are white. [24]

- Goeppertia variegata : G. variegata is a species native to Bolivia, northern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.[29] It has huge green leaves with tall thick petioles and a long green pulvinus. This species is another member of the Ornata group that cannot develop the striped pattern and instead only has the brush pattern. Juvenile plants have two light green bands on each side of the leaf with a dark green square-like pattern along the middle vein. This middle pattern later fades into a single thick green band, intensifying the brush pattern. Sometimes the pattern disappears completely at a very mature stage, leaving the leaves plain green. The inflorescence is made of multiple bracts around a thick, green peduncle. The bracts are small and pointy, yellowish green and the flowers come in pair and are white. [3]

- Goeppertia zingiberina : G.zingiberina is a species native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.[30] It has long green leaves with long, thin green petioles and a long green puvlinus. This species is the second one of this group to be extremely different to the others, and because of it's similarities and relation with G.straminea and G.cannoides, is described as part of the Ornata group by Helen Kennedy. It cannot develop any pattern.[7][8] The inflorescence of G.zingiberina is made of multiple bracts around a very short peduncle. The bracts are brown and the flowers cream and bright yellow. [24]

- Calathea calderon-saenzii : C. calderon-saenzii is a species native to Colombia.[31] It has huge wide green leaves, thick tall petioles, and a long green pulvinus. It is another species in the Ornata group that cannot develop the striped pattern and instead only has the brush pattern. Juvenile plants usually have a thick dark green pattern along the middle vein and two light neon-green bands on each side of the leaf. As the plant matures, the dark green central band becomes wider and eventually overlaps the neon-green bands, causing the leaves to become plain dark green. The inflorescence is similar to Goeppertia elliptica, but with white and green bracts and cream flowers.[4]

- Calathea monstera : C. monstera is a species native to Colombia and Panama.[32] It has huge, wide, and long dark green leaves with thick petioles and a long green pulvinus. Juvenile plants often have white lines which sometimes disappear with maturity, although some specimens retain them. This species can develop the brush pattern, which is very similar to the brush pattern of G. bantae, except that the light green bands are not overlapped with dark green lines and the pulvinus differs in length. The inflorescence of C. monstera is similar to Goeppertia elliptica and Goeppertia sanderiana, but instead has whitish or pink bracts and white and green flowers.[5]

History

The first striped species that got introduced was Calathea ornata by Jean Jules Linden in the 1840's. He markets it first as Maranta sp. nova and describing it as a beautiful plant with white and pink lines. In 1848, Charles Antoine Lemaire officialy describes it with the name Maranta ornata in Flore des Serres. He identifies two specimens, one with pink lines (roseo-lineatis) and the other with white lines (albo-lineatis). But because the two species were not described with enough material, they were not accepted. One year later, Linden described the two as distinct species.

Calathea regalis was originally published by Van Houtte in Flore des Serres as Maranta sp. var. regalis, using one illustration of the plant. It was discovered from Peru by M. M. Rollisson. Years later, Lemaire published the plant as Calathea regalis with the same illustration as in Flore des Serres. Koernicke considered it a variety of C.ornata because no inflorescence had been compared and the two were similar when comparing both illustations of C.ornata and C.regalis.

In 1860, Calathea vittata was officially accepted by Koernicke. It had been debated by Koernicke that Linden's collection of Maranta albo-lineata (C.ornata) was actually the white linedform of C.elliptica (sold as Maranta vittata at the time) and were all distributed with the wrong name. Later on in 1864, Karl Koch publish the first observations of the inflorescences of both P.vittata and P.ornatum and botanists concluded that P.vittata was merely just a variation of the already described species Calathea elliptica, native to Guyana.

Next was Calathea majestica which was imported from Peru in 1864. It was firstly discovered by Wallis by the name of Maranta majestica. Due to the similar foliage with C.ornata, this species was quickly considered as a variety of C.ornata. Not long after, another similar plant was introduced, Maranta princeps, which was heavily debated on if it was it's own different species or a form of an already described species. Nicolson, in 1884-85, cited a variety of C.ornata with yellowish-green bands, but it was later on described that it was just a variety of C.majestica by Helen Kennedy in 1986.

Lastly was Calathea sanderiana, which was introduced at the Great Quinquennial International Exhibition in Ghent, in 1893 as Maranta sanderiana. The next year, Linden's son protests that the plant presented at the Exhibition is the same as his Maranta majestica, because he had the two plants confused by their similar young stage, which kept the confusion going.

Calathea ornata was the first to be described but due to it's difficulty in cultivation, was later replaced by C.majestica, which was confused to C.ornata by their very similar leaf pattern and it's easier cultivation. The name C.majestica got lost and treated as a variety of C.ornata (albo-lineata) and until now, Calathea ornata is still misused in horticulture to describe species with striped pattern such as C.majestica or C.sanderiana. [2][1]

A confusion...

As mentioned above, while the horticultural industry sells “pinstripe Calathea” houseplants as Goeppertia ornata or Calathea ornata, these plants are actually Goeppertia sanderiana or Goeppertia majestica. Goeppertia ornata is much more difficult to grow and disappeared from cultivation sometime before the mid-1990s. The confusion exists because all of the species belonging to the Ornata group are extremely similar when young and can easily be misidentified.[1]

Media

Discussion

There are also other species of Goeppertia that were not officially treated as part of the group, such as Goeppertia splendida (related to Goeppertia variegata) [33] or Goeppertia fragilis (related to Goeppertia altissima) [34] that probably do belong in the group. Because of this, the Ornata group is probably not yet completely defined, and many other species could belong to it.

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Kennedy, Helen (1995). "Will the real Calathea ornata stand up?" (PDF). Heliconia Society International Bulletin. 7 (3): 12–16. Retrieved 19 December 2025.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kennedy, Helen (1996). "Calathea ornata and relatives, an ornate confusion". ISHS Acta Horticulturae. 413 (413): 169–176. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.413.26.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Kennedy, Helen; Maas, Hiltje; Hagberg, Mats (1988). Flora of Ecuador. 32. Botanical Institute, University of Gothenburg. ISBN 9788788702286. Search this book on
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kennedy, Helen; Marcela, Serna (2016). "Calathea Calderon-Saenzii (Marantaceae), A New Attractive Patterned-Leaved Species, Endemic to Colombia". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 10 (1): 85–88. JSTOR 44858829. Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kennedy, Helen (2013). "Calathea Monstera, a New Species in the Ornata Group of Calathea (Marantaceae)". Selbyana. 31 (1): 44–46. JSTOR 24894274. Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kennedy, Helen; Kenneth, Nagata (1989). "Calathea Steyermarkii, a New Venezuelan Species in the Ornata Group (Marantaceae)". Brittonia. 41 (2): 164–66. Bibcode:1989Britt..41..164K. doi:10.2307/2807528. JSTOR 2807528. Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Kennedy, Helen (1990). "Taxonomic notes on Calathea (Marantaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana: a new species and a new combination". Phytologia. 69: 373–377.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Borchsenius, Finn; Suárez, Luz Stella Suárez; Prince, Linda M. (2012-09-01). "Molecular Phylogeny and Redefined Generic Limits of <I>Calathea</I> (Marantaceae)". Systematic Botany. 37 (3): 620–635. doi:10.1600/036364412x648571. ISSN 0363-6445.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Pulle, August Adriaan (1957). Flora of Suriname (Netherlands Guyana). Vol. I part. 2. Batidaceae (Pars), Bromeliaceae, Marantaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Piperaceae, Chenopodiaceae. 1 part.2. Royal Tropical Institute. Search this book on
  10. ↑ "Goeppertia bantae (H.Kenn.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  11. ↑ "Goeppertia cannoides (Nicolson, Steyerm. & Sivad.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
  12. ↑ "Goeppertia dilabens (L.Andersson & H.Kenn.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
  13. ↑ Andersson, Lennart; Kennedy, Helen (1986). "Four new species of Calathea (Marantaceae) from French Guiana". Nordic Journal of Botany. 6 (4): 447–455. Bibcode:1986NorJB...6..447A. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1986.tb00900.x. ISSN 1756-1051.
  14. ↑ "Goeppertia elliptica (Roscoe) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  15. ↑ "Goeppertia grandis (Petersen) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  16. ↑ "Goeppertia gymnocarpa (H.Kenn.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  17. ↑ Kennedy, Helen (1977). "An unusual flowering strategy and new species in Calathea". Botaniska Notiser. 130: 333–339.
  18. ↑ Kennedy, Helen (1997). "New species of Calathea (Marantaceae) endemic to Costa Rica". Canadian Journal of Botany. 75 (8): 1356–1362. Bibcode:1997CaJB...75.1356K. doi:10.1139/b97-848.
  19. ↑ "Goeppertia inocephala (Kuntze) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  20. ↑ "Goeppertia majestica (Linden) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  21. ↑ "Goeppertia multicincta (H.Kenn.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  22. ↑ "Goeppertia ornata (Lem.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  23. ↑ "Goeppertia pachystachya (Poepp. & Endl.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Eichler, August Wilhelm; Endlicher, István László; Fenzl, Eduard; Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von; Mary, Benj.; Oldenburg, R.; Urban, Ignaz (1840). Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum :quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas /ediderunt Carolus Fridericus Philippus de Martius et Augustus Guilielmus Eichler ; iisque defunctis successor Ignatius Urban. Monachii et Lipsiae [Munich & Leipzig]: R. Oldenbourg. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.454. Search this book on
  25. ↑ "Goeppertia regalis (Rollison ex Lem.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  26. ↑ "Goeppertia sanderiana (Sander) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  27. ↑ "Goeppertia steyermarkii (H.Kenn. & Nagata) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  28. ↑ "Goeppertia straminea (Petersen) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
  29. ↑ "Goeppertia variegata (K.Koch) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  30. ↑ "Goeppertia zingiberina (Körn.) Borchs. & S.Suárez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
  31. ↑ "Calathea calderon-saenzii H.Kenn. & M.Serna | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  32. ↑ "Calathea monstera H.Kenn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  33. ↑ Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, Deutsche; Russischer Gartenbau-Verein, Kaiserliche; Gartenbau-Verein, Russischer; Beförderung des Gartenbaues, Verein zur (1869). "Original bhandiugen". Gartenflora. 18: 99.
  34. ↑ Gleason, H. A. (1929). "Studies on the Flora of Northern South America-XI. New or Noteworthy Monocotyledons from British Guiana". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 56 (1): 1–23. doi:10.2307/2480477. ISSN 0040-9618.

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