Paramicrosporidium
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Scientific classification 
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Paramicrosporidium is a genus of microsporidia-like endoparasites associated with free-living amoebae. The genus was described in 2014 from amoebal parasites placed by the describing authors in the early-diverging fungal lineage Rozellomycota.[1]
The type species is Paramicrosporidium saccamoebae, an intranuclear parasite originally found in the amoeba Saccamoeba limax.[2]
Taxonomy
Paramicrosporidium was proposed by Corsaro and colleagues in 2014 for microsporidia-like parasites of amoebae identified using morphology and small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences.[1] MycoBank lists the genus as Paramicrosporidium D. Corsaro & R. Michel, published in Parasitology Research in 2014.[3]
The taxonomic placement of the genus has been discussed in relation to Microsporidia, Rozellomycota and other early-diverging fungal lineages. The original description placed the organisms among microsporidia-like rozellids rather than within true Microsporidia.[1] The Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa describes P. saccamoebae as a microsporidia-like fungal endoparasite of Saccamoeba limax.[2]
Species
Species assigned to the genus include:
- Paramicrosporidium saccamoebae D. Corsaro, Walochnik, D. Venditti, Steinmann, K.-D. Müll. & R. Michel, 2014 — the type species.[1]
- Paramicrosporidium vannellae D. Corsaro, Walochnik, D. Venditti, Steinmann, K.-D. Müll. & R. Michel, 2014.[1]
Biology
Paramicrosporidium species are intracellular parasites of amoebae. In P. saccamoebae, the parasite develops within the host nucleus, making it an intranuclear parasite.[4]
Ultrastructural studies showed rounded or ovoid spores with spore-wall layers and internal structures resembling elements of a microsporidian infection apparatus.[1] However, molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that these organisms belong with rozellid or rozellomycotan lineages rather than typical Microsporidia.[1]
Genome
The genome of P. saccamoebae was sequenced and analysed in 2017. The study found that the species is an obligate intracellular parasite but differs from many highly reduced microsporidian parasites by retaining a canonical fungal mitochondrial genome with genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation.[4] The authors suggested that genome evolution in Rozellomycota and Microsporidia may have involved repeated and independent gene losses linked to different parasitic strategies.[4]
Ecology
P. saccamoebae has been maintained in association with the amoebal host Saccamoeba limax. A CCAP strain record for P. saccamoebae lists the source as mud and decaying plants from a pond near Egestorf in the Lüneburg Heath, Germany.[2] The association with free-living amoebae places the genus among microbial parasites involved in protist–fungus interactions in aquatic or moist environments.
See also
- Rozellomycota
- Microsporidia
- Saccamoeba
- Intracellular parasite
- Amoeba
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Corsaro, Daniele; Walochnik, Julia; Venditti, Danielle; Steinmann, Judith; Müller, Klaus-Dieter; Michel, Rolf (2014). "Microsporidia-like parasites of amoebae belong to the early fungal lineage Rozellomycota". Parasitology Research. 113 (5): 1909–1918. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-3838-4. PMID 24652444.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "CCAP 3047/3 Paramicrosporidium saccamoebae". Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa. Scottish Association for Marine Science. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
- ↑ "Paramicrosporidium". MycoBank. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Quandt, C. Alisha; Beaudet, Denis; Corsaro, Daniele; Walochnik, Julia; Michel, Rolf; Corradi, Nicolas; James, Timothy Y. (2017). "The genome of an intranuclear parasite, Paramicrosporidium saccamoebae, reveals alternative adaptations to obligate intracellular parasitism". eLife. 6 (5). Bibcode:2017eLife...629594Q. doi:10.7554/eLife.29594. PMC 5701793. PMID 29171879. Unknown parameter
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