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Parque das Mangabeiras

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

Template:Prod llm/dated

Parque das Mangabeiras
Parque das Mangabeiras - Maurício Campos
View inside Parque das Mangabeiras
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TypeUrban park
LocationBelo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Coordinates19°57′03″S 43°54′18″W / 19.95083°S 43.90500°W / -19.95083; -43.90500Coordinates: 19°57′03″S 43°54′18″W / 19.95083°S 43.90500°W / -19.95083; -43.90500
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Area2,500,000 m2 (250 ha; 620 acres)
Elevationabout 1,000 to 1,300 m (3,300 to 4,300 ft)
Authorized1974
DesignerRoberto Burle Marx
Administered byFundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte
OpenTuesday to Sunday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
PathsRoteiro da Mata, Roteiro do Sol, Roteiro das Águas and Trilha 8
HabitatsCerrado, Atlantic Forest and ferruginous rocky grasslands
Water59 springs of the Córrego da Serra
DesignationPart of the municipal heritage protection area of the Serra do Curral
ParkingAvailable
Monthly visitorsAbout 50,000[1]
FacilitiesSports courts, skateboarding areas, playgrounds, arena theater, guided trails and environmental education facilities
Websiteprefeitura.pbh.gov.br/fundacao-de-parques-e-zoobotanica/informacoes/parques/parque-das-mangabeiras

Parque das Mangabeiras,[lower-alpha 1] officially Parque das Mangabeiras - Maurício Campos, is an urban park in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

It lies on the northern slope of the Serra do Curral,[lower-alpha 2] in the southern part of the city, near the northern edge of the Iron Quadrangle.[lower-alpha 3] The park covers 2,500,000 m2 (250 ha; 620 acres). It is the largest green area in Belo Horizonte and one of the largest urban parks in Latin America.[2][3]

The park was created by municipal decree in 1966 and opened to the public in 1982. Before it opened, parts of the area were used for water supply infrastructure and iron ore extraction by the municipal company Ferro Belo Horizonte S.A., known as Ferrobel. Its landscape plan was prepared by Roberto Burle Marx and his team after the municipality authorized the park's implementation in 1974. Only part of the original design was built, but the park still has planned recreational areas, water features, sports facilities, children's areas, trails and remnants of the former mining site.[2][4]

Parque das Mangabeiras protects native vegetation, springs, caves and wildlife at elevations of about 1,000 to 1,300 m (3,300 to 4,300 ft). Its vegetation includes areas of Cerrado[lower-alpha 4] and Atlantic Forest,[lower-alpha 5] as well as iron-rich highland habitats associated with canga vegetation.[lower-alpha 6] The park has more than 160 species of birds, about 30 species of mammals, about 20 species of reptiles and about 20 species of amphibians. It also contains 59 springs that form the Córrego da Serra,[lower-alpha 7] part of the São Francisco River basin.[2][5]

The park is managed by the Fundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica,[lower-alpha 8] a municipal foundation linked to Belo Horizonte's environmental administration. It is one of the city's main public spaces for recreation, environmental education and contact with the Serra do Curral, a federally listed mountain ridge[lower-alpha 9] and a symbol of Belo Horizonte.[2][6]

History

Before the park opened, the area was shaped by water supply works, mining and the growth of Belo Horizonte toward the Serra do Curral. In 1941, part of the site held the Caixa de Areia,[lower-alpha 10] a water treatment station that supplied the Serra neighborhood.[7] From the 1960s, Ferrobel mined iron ore on part of the site. Later visitor areas, including the South parking area and the Praça do Britador, occupy land tied to that mining period.[4][7]

The municipality created the park on 14 October 1966 through Municipal Decree No. 1,466.[lower-alpha 11] The decree set aside the area to help preserve the Serra do Curral and its forest reserve, and to create a new recreation area for the city. Municipal Law No. 2,403 authorized the park's implementation in 1974. Burle Marx and his team prepared the landscape plan.[2]

Ferrobel was deactivated in 1979. The park opened on 13 May 1982 under Empresa Municipal de Turismo, known as Belotur, the city's municipal tourism company. In 1983, Municipal Decree No. 4,539 gave the park its own administrative structure under the Municipal Secretariat of Culture and Tourism. In 1989, it moved to the Municipal Secretariat of Environment and Sanitation.[2][4]

The Serra do Curral received municipal heritage protection in 1991. In January 2005, the park came under the Fundação de Parques Municipais, the municipal foundation created to manage Belo Horizonte's parks.[2][4]

Geography and setting

Aerial view of the park, 2006.

Parque das Mangabeiras lies at the foot of the Serra do Curral, in southern Belo Horizonte. It occupies part of the mountain slope above the Mangabeiras and Serra neighborhoods. Its main access points are on Avenida José do Patrocínio Pontes and Rua Caraça.[2]

The Serra do Curral forms the natural southern edge of Belo Horizonte and part of the boundary between the city and Nova Lima. It belongs to the Serra do Espinhaço system and runs for about 20 km (12 mi) along the Belo Horizonte-Nova Lima divide. Its average elevation ranges from about 1,100 to 1,350 m (3,610 to 4,430 ft), with Pico Belo Horizonte rising to 1,390 m (4,560 ft).[8]

The park sits on the northern edge of the Iron Quadrangle, a mineral-rich region of central-southern Minas Gerais known for iron ore and gold. The Serra do Curral marks part of the northern limit of that geological province.[9][10]

Inside the park, elevations range from about 1,000 to 1,300 m (3,300 to 4,300 ft). The higher ground gives the park a milder climate than lower parts of the city. The area also protects 59 springs of the Córrego da Serra, a stream in the São Francisco River basin.[2]

The park belongs to a larger chain of protected and semi-protected green areas along the Serra do Curral. Nearby areas include Parque da Serra do Curral and Mata do Jambreiro, which help preserve a corridor of native vegetation along the mountain edge of the metropolitan area.[6]

Landscape and design

View of the Serra do Curral from inside Parque das Mangabeiras.

The park's landscape plan was prepared by Roberto Burle Marx and his team after the municipality authorized the park's implementation in 1974. The design had to work with a steep mountain site already marked by mining, water infrastructure and native vegetation. Only part of the original plan was built.[2][4]

In the original project, the central space was the Praça das Águas,[lower-alpha 12] or Water Square. It was planned with about 14,000 m2 (3.5 acres), white, black and red Portuguese pavement,[lower-alpha 13] an artificial lake with pergola islands, illuminated fountains, aquatic plants, fish and seating areas. The same plan included an arena theater, then planned for about 1,000 people, and a large pavilion.[4] The current Praça das Águas has a reflecting pool with fountains, carp, gardens, an open area for temporary exhibitions, an arena theater with capacity for 1,200 people and visitor services. The park's administrative office and security center are also located there.[2]

The sports area was planned as a separate part of the park, with multipurpose courts, peteca[lower-alpha 14] courts, changing rooms, toilets and support services. The current Parque Esportivo has six multipurpose courts, ten peteca courts and two tennis courts. It stands between the Ciranda de Brinquedos[lower-alpha 15] and the Praça do Britador, about 150 m (490 ft) from Praça das Águas.[2][4]

The original design also included a Conjunto Alpino,[lower-alpha 16] or Alpine Complex, for one of the higher areas of the park. It included a small cable-car system, a mountain toboggan following the contour lines, and an upper station with a panoramic restaurant, snack bar and lookout.[4]

The park also keeps traces of the mining site it replaced. The Praça do Britador, or Crusher Square, contains the structure of an old crusher used in iron ore extraction. It is beside the sports area, about 200 m (660 ft) from Praça das Águas.[2]

Visitor movement through the park follows three named routes, the Roteiro da Mata, Roteiro do Sol and Roteiro das Águas.[lower-alpha 17] All three begin at Praça das Águas and connect the park's built areas with natural spaces, including the Mirante da Mata, Recanto da Cascatinha and Lago dos Sonhos.[lower-alpha 18][2]

Ecology

One of the 59 springs in the park

Parque das Mangabeiras protects native vegetation, springs, caves and wildlife on the slopes of the Serra do Curral. Its ecological setting includes elements of the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest, with iron-rich highland habitats linked to the Iron Quadrangle.[2][5]

Flora

The park's vegetation includes areas of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Cerrado vegetation occupies the higher parts of the park, where soils are shallower and poorer in nutrients. Trees found in these areas include barbatimão,[lower-alpha 19] candeia, caviúna, guabiroba, murici and pau-santo.[2]

Atlantic Forest vegetation grows in valley bottoms and on nearby slopes, where soils are deeper and richer. Trees found in these areas include copaíba, guanandi, jacarandá, jequitibá, pau-jacaré and quaresmeira.[2][11]

The park also lies within a region where iron-rich outcrops support ferruginous rocky grasslands, locally known as canga vegetation. In the wider Iron Quadrangle, these habitats occur on iron ore deposits and have high plant diversity, with many species limited to small areas.[5]

Fauna

The park has more than 160 species of birds, about 30 species of mammals, about 20 species of reptiles and about 20 species of amphibians. Birds often seen there include guans and wood rails. Mammals include the South American coati, the black-tufted marmoset, squirrels, porcupines and the nine-banded armadillo.[2]

One of the park's best-known amphibians is Hylodes uai.[lower-alpha 20] The species was first described in 2001 from Parque das Mangabeiras, with its type locality at Riacho da Serra inside the park. It is also known from the Serra do Caraça, at the southern end of the Serra do Espinhaço.[12][13]

Springs and caves

Parque das Mangabeiras contains 59 springs. Their waters form the Córrego da Serra, which drains into the Ribeirão Arrudas[lower-alpha 21] and then into the Rio das Velhas basin, part of the larger São Francisco River basin.[2][11]

The park has small caves and cavities in iron-rich rock. Two of them have been known since the 1980s as Grutas Parque das Mangabeiras I and II.[lower-alpha 22] Gruta Parque das Mangabeiras III is about 8.7 m (29 ft) long. It is a paleoburrow,[lower-alpha 23] with claw marks that may have been left by extinct megafauna[lower-alpha 24] or by animals that enlarged an older cavity.[14]

Facilities and recreation

View from Parque das Mangabeiras toward Belo Horizonte.

The park's main visitor areas are grouped around Praça das Águas. From there, visitors reach recreational areas, sports facilities, children's spaces, lookouts, rest areas and trails.[2]

Praça das Águas was designed by Roberto Burle Marx and has a reflecting pool with fountains, colored carp, gardens, an open area for temporary exhibitions and an arena theater with capacity for 1,200 people. The park's administrative office and security center are also there, along with toilets, drinking fountains and snack-bar services.[2]

The Ciranda de Brinquedos is a children's leisure area near the sports complex. It includes the Cidade das Bonecas, a set of small play houses with a small concrete church, and two playgrounds. The area is about 550 m (1,800 ft) from Praça das Águas.[2]

The Parque Esportivo has six multipurpose courts, ten peteca courts and two tennis courts, as well as changing rooms and drinking fountains. It stands between the Ciranda de Brinquedos and the Praça do Britador, about 150 m (490 ft) from Praça das Águas.[2]

The park also has areas for skateboarding, BMX and inline skating. Its street course opened on 30 May 2009 with an area of 900 m2 (9,700 sq ft). The half-pipe opened at the end of 2014, with a height of 6 m (20 ft) and an area of 317 m2 (3,410 sq ft). Helmets are required on the extreme-sports tracks.[2]

Other visitor areas include Ilhas do Passatempo, Praça do Britador, Mirante da Mata, Recanto da Cascatinha and Lago dos Sonhos. Ilhas do Passatempo has wooded rest areas with game tables and picnic areas. Praça do Britador preserves the structure of an old crusher used during the site's iron-mining period. Mirante da Mata overlooks the park's vegetation and part of Belo Horizonte.[2]

Environmental education

Parque das Mangabeiras is part of Belo Horizonte's environmental education program for municipal parks. Activities include guided walks, school visits, workshops, exhibitions and public events led by the Fundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica. The guided trails are free for schools, institutions, organized community groups and the general public.[15]

After the park reopened in 2017 following maintenance and yellow-fever prevention work, it received school groups for an activity called Aqui tem Bicho.[lower-alpha 25] The activity included a talk and a field visit guided by the park's environmental education team. It taught children about wildlife, animal feeding habits, waste, and why visitors should not feed wild animals.[16]

The park also contains the Biofábrica de Joaninhas e Crisopídeos,[lower-alpha 26] housed in the Casa Amarela. The facility raises ladybirds and lacewings for biological control of pests in gardens, orchards, vegetable gardens and urban green areas. It also offers lectures and exhibitions about these insects, natural pest control and the preservation of urban fauna.[17]

Belo Horizonte's environmental education program also uses the Biofábrica for pollinator education. The site has the city's first meliponary, and most workshops for making iscas-pet[lower-alpha 27] take place there. These workshops teach participants how to attract stingless bees and begin forming colonies that can later be kept at home.[18]

Public programming at the park also includes environmental education. In 2025, Projeto Ambientar held its final edition of the year at Parque das Mangabeiras, with exhibitions, workshops, talks, educational games and a guided Cerrado trail. The program also included a seedling-planting workshop.[19]

The park has also hosted activities focused on insects and biodiversity. In 2024, an event at Parque das Mangabeiras presented insect collections, interactive activities and collection methods, with work by the municipal foundation and the Liga Acadêmica de Estudos em Biodiversidade de Insetos of the Federal University of Minas Gerais.[20]

Trails and guided walks

Walking routes are one of the park's main ways of linking its built areas with its natural spaces. The municipality organizes visits around three named routes, the Roteiro da Mata, Roteiro do Sol and Roteiro das Águas, all beginning at Praça das Águas.[lower-alpha 28] These routes connect areas such as Mirante da Mata, Recanto da Cascatinha and Lago dos Sonhos, although the municipality has listed them as temporarily closed during revitalization works.[2]

Trilha 8 connects Recanto da Cascatinha and Lago dos Sonhos. It reopened to the public in November 2024 after being closed for eight years. The municipality restored more than 4.8 km (3.0 mi) of trail and requalified Lago dos Sonhos with new landscaping, cleaning, desilting and a small visitor area with benches and tables. The route can be used on foot, by bicycle or by the park's internal bus service.[21]

The park also participates in Belo Horizonte's municipal guided-trail program. In Parque das Mangabeiras, these walks present the park's history, fauna, flora and conservation. Public groups generally range from 5 to 25 participants.[15]

One guided route in Parque das Mangabeiras focuses on the Cerrado areas of the park. The route is about 400 m (1,300 ft) long and lasts about one hour. It passes through higher parts of the park where shallow, nutrient-poor soils support Cerrado vegetation, including trees such as barbatimão, candeia, caviúna, guabiroba, murici and pau-santo.[22]

Events

Parque das Mangabeiras has hosted municipal celebrations, children's programming, sports competitions and cultural events. In 2012, the park marked its 30th anniversary with four days of activities, including historical exhibitions, environmental talks, physical evaluations and musical performances. The park administration expected about 40,000 visitors during the celebration.[23]

The municipal event Fantástico Mundo da Criança[lower-alpha 29] reached its 33rd edition in 2019 and included activities in several parks in Belo Horizonte, including Parque das Mangabeiras. At the park, the program included environmental education, games about the Cerrado, activities about local wildlife and a fire-prevention workshop.[24][25]

The park's sports facilities have been used for competitive events. In July 2019, Parque das Mangabeiras hosted the Belo Horizonte stage of the STU Qualifying Series, part of the Brazilian Skate Circuit. The competition counted toward rankings for qualification to the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.[26]

The park has also received music and cultural festivals. Festival Sarará, a Belo Horizonte music festival, held early editions at Parque das Mangabeiras and returned to the park for its 13th edition in 2026.[27]

Large events at the park have sometimes led to debate over conservation, neighborhood impacts and public use. In 2017, a bill before the Belo Horizonte City Council proposed barring events with more than 1,000 people at Parque das Mangabeiras, with environmental protection cited as the reason for the proposal.[28] In 2019, a city council hearing on possible private operation of some park areas included criticism of large events and calls for a management plan for activities at the park.[29]

Access and visitor information

Park entrance

The park is in the Centro-Sul[lower-alpha 30] region of Belo Horizonte. Its main listed address is Avenida José do Patrocínio Pontes, 580, in the Mangabeiras neighborhood.[30] The municipality lists two active entrances, the South Gate on Avenida José do Patrocínio Pontes, 580, and the Caraça Gate on Rua Caraça, 900, in the Serra neighborhood. The North Gate, at Praça Cidade do Porto, 100, is listed as temporarily closed.[2]

Admission is free. The official tourism portal lists the park as open from Tuesday to Sunday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and closed on Mondays.[30] Access to Mirante da Mata is allowed only until 4:00 p.m., because it is far from the gate and the administrative area.[2]

The park has parking. Praça das Águas has accessibility for people with disabilities or reduced mobility.[2][30]

Pets are not allowed in the park.[2] Some areas may have restricted access during maintenance or revitalization works, and the municipality directs visitors to the park administration for current information.[2]

Management and conservation

Path through Parque das Mangabeiras.

Parque das Mangabeiras is managed by the Fundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica, or FPMZB, a municipal foundation linked to Belo Horizonte's Municipal Secretariat of Environment.[lower-alpha 31] The foundation was created in 2017 through the merger of the former Fundação Zoobotânica and the Fundação de Parques Municipais. It manages municipal parks, the zoo, the botanical garden, the Rio São Francisco Aquarium, public cemeteries and other facilities, and works with environmental management, education, leisure, sport, culture and citizenship.[31]

The park was created with a conservation purpose from the beginning. Municipal Decree No. 1,466 of 14 October 1966 set aside the area to preserve the Serra do Curral and the existing forest reserve, and to create a new recreation area for Belo Horizonte. Municipal Law No. 2,403 of 1974 authorized the park's implementation.[2]

The park later became part of a broader protection effort along the Serra do Curral. In 1991, Belo Horizonte's municipal heritage council listed the Serra do Curral and included the whole perimeter of the park in that protection. In 1999, State Law No. 13,190 incorporated an area of the Paredão da Serra do Curral[lower-alpha 32] into the park's reserve. That area extends from the South Gate along Avenida José do Patrocínio Pontes toward Praça Estado de Israel.[4]

The park is used for conservation, recreation and research. University work in the area has examined soils, relief, water resources and other environmental conditions relevant to planning the park's use.[4] Public trails and visitor areas are also managed around environmental limits, including temporary closures during revitalization work and restricted access to more distant areas late in the day.[2]

In the 2020s, the municipality began a temporary concession process[lower-alpha 33] for some of the park's most-used visitor areas. The areas listed in the process included the lower parking plateau, also used for events, the pavilion at Praça das Águas, the sports park and the children's area. Environmental preservation remained under the responsibility of the municipal foundation.[32]

Cultural significance

Parque das Mangabeiras is closely tied to the public image of the Serra do Curral, the mountain ridge that forms Belo Horizonte's southern skyline. The peak and the steepest part of the Serra do Curral are federally listed by the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional[lower-alpha 34] as a protected landscape ensemble, and the ridge is widely used as a symbol of the city.[33][34]

The park also belongs to Belo Horizonte's history of urban growth and environmental protection. It was created on land marked by earlier municipal ownership, water supply works and iron mining, then opened as a large public green area after Ferrobel's mining activities ended there.[4] Some of its built spaces preserve that earlier use, especially Praça do Britador, where the structure of an old ore crusher remains inside the park.[2]

As the largest green area in Belo Horizonte, Parque das Mangabeiras gives many residents and visitors direct access to the Serra do Curral and native vegetation. The state tourism portal gives monthly visitation at about 50,000 people and presents the park as a place for rest, leisure and sport at the foot of the Serra do Curral.[1]

Burle Marx's design is also part of the park's public identity. His plan joined recreational spaces, water features, sports areas and native vegetation on a former mining site at the edge of the city.[2][4]

See also

  • Belo Horizonte - The city where the park is located, and the urban setting shaped by the Serra do Curral.
  • Iron Quadrangle - The mineral-rich region that helps explain the park's geology and its earlier mining history.
  • Espinhaço Mountains - The mountain system connected to the Serra do Curral and the park's highland setting.
  • Roberto Burle Marx - The Brazilian landscape architect and artist who designed the park.
  • Serra do Rola-Moça State Park - A nearby protected area in Greater Belo Horizonte, also linked to the Serra do Curral, springs, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest.
  • Baleia State Park - A nearby protected area in Belo Horizonte, also linked to the Serra do Curral.

Notes

  1. ↑ The name means "Park of the Mangabeira Trees". Mangabeira is the Portuguese name for the tree that produces mangaba, a native Brazilian fruit.
  2. ↑ Serra is Portuguese for a mountain range or ridge. Serra do Curral is the proper name of the ridge that forms much of Belo Horizonte's mountain skyline.
  3. ↑ The Iron Quadrangle, in Portuguese Quadrilátero Ferrífero, is a mineral-rich region of Minas Gerais known especially for iron ore and gold. Its name comes from the rough shape of the mining region on a map.
  4. ↑ The Cerrado is a large tropical savanna biome in Brazil. It has grasslands, shrubs and trees adapted to dry seasons, poor soils and, in many places, fire.
  5. ↑ The Atlantic Forest is a forest region that once covered much of Brazil's eastern coast and nearby mountains. Many parts now survive only as fragments.
  6. ↑ Canga is a hard, iron-rich crust that forms on some rocky hills in Minas Gerais. Thin soils and exposed rock make these places difficult for plants, so many species there are highly specialized.
  7. ↑ Córrego is Portuguese for a small stream or creek. Here it is part of the proper name of the watercourse.
  8. ↑ The name means Municipal Parks and Zoobotany Foundation. In Brazil, a public foundation can be created by government to manage public services, parks, cultural sites or environmental facilities.
  9. ↑ In Brazil, a federally listed site is protected as cultural or natural heritage by the national heritage agency. This does not mean it is a commercial listing or a real-estate listing.
  10. ↑ Caixa de areia literally means "sand box" or "sand chamber". In water treatment, it refers to a structure where sand and other heavy particles settle before water continues through the system.
  11. ↑ A municipal decree is a legal act issued by a city government. It can create rules or put local policy into effect within that municipality.
  12. ↑ Praça means square or plaza. In a park, it often means an open public space or gathering area, not necessarily a paved city square.
  13. ↑ Portuguese pavement is a mosaic-like paving made with small stone blocks. It is common in Portugal, Brazil and other Portuguese-speaking places.
  14. ↑ Peteca is a Brazilian hand game played by hitting a weighted shuttlecock-like object over a net.
  15. ↑ Ciranda is a Portuguese word linked to children's circle games and dances. In the park, Ciranda de Brinquedos is the name of a children's leisure area.
  16. ↑ Conjunto means group or complex. Here, Conjunto Alpino refers to a planned high-area recreation complex with mountain-style attractions, not to the Alps themselves.
  17. ↑ Roteiro means route or itinerary. The names translate roughly as Forest Route, Sun Route and Waters Route.
  18. ↑ These names translate roughly as Woodland Lookout, Little Waterfall Retreat and Lake of Dreams.
  19. ↑ Several plant names in this section are common Portuguese names. A common name can refer to more than one species, so the Portuguese names are kept unless the exact scientific names are verified.
  20. ↑ Uai is a common interjection associated with Minas Gerais speech. In the species name, it also points to the frog's local connection to the state.
  21. ↑ Ribeirão is Portuguese for a large stream or small river. It is bigger than a córrego in common use, although the exact meaning can vary by region.
  22. ↑ Gruta means cave or grotto in Portuguese. Here it is part of the names given to small natural cavities inside the park.
  23. ↑ A paleoburrow is an ancient animal burrow preserved in rock or sediment. In South America, many are linked to extinct large mammals, such as ground sloths or relatives of armadillos.
  24. ↑ Megafauna means very large animals. In this context, it refers to large animals from the prehistoric past, not to animals living in the park today.
  25. ↑ The name means "There are animals here". In this context, bicho is an informal Portuguese word for animal.
  26. ↑ Biofábrica literally means biofactory. Here it means a small facility that raises useful living organisms, not an industrial factory. Joaninhas e crisopídeos means ladybirds and lacewings.
  27. ↑ Iscas-pet are simple traps or nesting containers, often made from reused plastic bottles, used to attract stingless bees and help start new colonies.
  28. ↑ Roteiro means route or itinerary. The names translate roughly as Forest Route, Sun Route and Waters Route.
  29. ↑ The name means "Fantastic World of the Child". It is a children's event held around Children's Day in Brazil, which is celebrated on 12 October.
  30. ↑ Centro-Sul means Central-South. It is one of Belo Horizonte's administrative regions, not just a loose description of direction.
  31. ↑ A municipal secretariat in Brazil works much like a city department. It is part of the city government and is responsible for a specific policy area.
  32. ↑ Paredão means large wall or steep rock face. In this name, it refers to the more abrupt rocky face of the Serra do Curral.
  33. ↑ A concession is a contract that lets a private operator manage or use public facilities for a limited time. It does not necessarily mean that the public authority has sold the land.
  34. ↑ The Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, often called IPHAN, is Brazil's federal heritage agency. It protects places, buildings, landscapes and cultural traditions considered important to the country.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Parque das Mangabeiras". Minas Gerais (in português). Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 "Parque das Mangabeiras - Maurício Campos". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  3. ↑ "Parque das Mangabeiras completa 30 anos; confira programação" [Parque das Mangabeiras turns 30; see the programme]. Estado de Minas (in português). 12 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Lopes, Myriam Bahia; Maciel, Marieta Cardoso; Marques, Yara Landre; Sanches, Rejane M. Silva; Ramos, Fátima Maria; Gentil, Murilo; Freitas, Cleber Teofilo de; Matta, Maria Eugênia Soares da (May 2011). "A cidade, seus habitantes e a serra: breves notas sobre a história do Parque das Mangabeiras (1960-2010)". Minha Cidade (in português). Vitruvius. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jacobi, Claudia Maria; Carmo, Flávio Fonseca do (December 2008). "Diversidade dos campos rupestres ferruginosos no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, MG" (PDF). Megadiversidade (in português). 4 (1–2): 25–33. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Parque da Serra do Curral". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 23 February 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Diniz, Ana Elizabeth. "O parque que já foi uma mineração". Revista Ecológico (in português). Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  8. ↑ "Conjunto Paisagístico da Serra do Curral" (PDF) (in português). Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Minas Gerais. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  9. ↑ Pereira, Alexandre Neves (2014). Caracterização física, química e mineralógica dos solos em uma topossequência sobre canga na Serra do Curral, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais (Master's thesis) (in português). Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  10. ↑ Cavalcanti, José Adilson Dias; Silva, Marilda Santana da; Schobbenhaus, Carlos; Atencio, Daniel; Lima, Hernani Mota de (March 2023). "Geoconservation of geological and mining heritage related to banded iron formation of Itabira Group, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil: A challenging issue". International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks. 11 (1): 118–148. doi:10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.12.002. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Conheça e Preserve: Parque das Mangabeiras" (in português). Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio das Velhas. 16 February 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  12. ↑ Nascimento, Luciana B.; Pombal, José P. Jr.; Haddad, Célio F. B. (2001). "A new frog of the genus Hylodes (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil". Journal of Zoology. 254: 421–428. doi:10.1017/S0952836901000917. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  13. ↑ Frost, Darrel R. "Hylodes uai Nascimento, Pombal, and Haddad, 2001". Amphibian Species of the World. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  14. ↑ Faria, Luciano E.; Santos, Luciano V.; Martins, Edson A.; Silva, Nathan V. M. da; Melo, Bruno S. (2019). Zampaulo, Robson A., ed. A paleotoca no Parque das Mangabeiras: o primeiro registro de um fóssil em Belo Horizonte - MG (PDF). 35º Congresso Brasileiro de Espeleologia (in português). Bonito: Sociedade Brasileira de Espeleologia. pp. 872–877. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Trilhas nos Parques Municipais". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 14 May 2025. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  16. ↑ "Parque das Mangabeiras é reaberto ao público". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 19 June 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  17. ↑ "Biofábrica de Joaninhas". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 5 January 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  18. ↑ "Educação Ambiental". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 9 January 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  19. ↑ "Última edição do Projeto Ambientar será realizada no Parque das Mangabeiras". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 24 November 2025. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  20. ↑ "Evento no Parque das Mangabeiras destaca papel dos insetos nas áreas urbanas". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 26 June 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  21. ↑ "Parque das Mangabeiras reabre trilha e Lago dos Sonhos". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 11 November 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  22. ↑ "Trilha apresenta o bioma do Cerrado no Parque das Mangabeiras". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 21 May 2025. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  23. ↑ "Parque das Mangabeiras (MG) comemora 30º aniversário com muita festa". Ministério do Turismo (in português). 4 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  24. ↑ "Fantástico Mundo da Criança 2019". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  25. ↑ "Dia das Crianças terá programação diversificada nos parques municipais". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). 10 October 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  26. ↑ "Rayssa Leal, a Fadinha do skate, será um dos destaques da etapa de BH do Circuito Brasileiro". Globo Esporte (in português). 4 July 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  27. ↑ "Festival Sarará em BH celebra diversidade musical neste sábado". O Tempo (in português). 22 May 2026. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  28. ↑ Mariano, Raul (7 August 2017). "Projeto de lei pode impedir a realização de eventos no Parque das Mangabeiras". Hoje em Dia (in português). Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  29. ↑ "Em audiência, convidados criticam grandes eventos no Parque das Mangabeiras". Câmara Municipal de Belo Horizonte (in português). 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "Parque das Mangabeiras - Maurício Campos". Portal Oficial de Belo Horizonte (in português). Belotur. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  31. ↑ "Legislação". Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (in português). Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  32. ↑ "Comissão apura requalificação do Parque das Mangabeiras prevista em concessão". Câmara Municipal de Belo Horizonte (in português). 10 April 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  33. ↑ "Portaria Nº 437, de 19 de novembro de 2018" (in português). Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  34. ↑ "Símbolo da cidade, Serra do Curral inspira proposta de bandeira para BH". Câmara Municipal de Belo Horizonte (in português). 7 February 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2026.

Further reading

External links

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