Patescibacteriota
Patescibacteriota (also known as Patescibacteria, or CPR) is a diverse bacterial phylum characterised by members with ultrasmall cell size, reduced genomes, limited metabolic capabilities, and dependence on other prokaryotic hosts[1].
The lineage was originally proposed as the superphylum Patescibacteria[2]. Subsequently, a study discovering a large diversity of genomes associated with this lineage proposed the name candidate phyla radiation (also referred to as CPR group). However, the Genome Taxonomy Database (2018) based on relative evolutionary divergence found that CPR represents a single phylum, with earlier figures inflated by the rapid evolution of ribosomal proteins, leading to an overestimation of the diversity represented by these bacteria[3].
In 2024, a study has argued that the use of Patescibacteria and CPR for the same group of bacteria interchangeably has led to much confusion among researchers[4]. The authors suggested retiring CPR, a term that implies that the bacteria within it constitute multiple phyla[5], which is in disagreement with the GTDB, and advocated for the consistent use of the term Patescibacteria (or Patescibacteriota).
In 2025, the name Patescibacteriota was officially validated according to the rules of the SeqCode, a code of nomenclature in which genome sequences are excepted, based on the type species Patescibacterium danicum[6]. The study reported small genome sizes (<1 Mbp), low GC content (>36%), and the occurrence of long gene coding insertions in the 23S rRNA sequences, along with reduced metabolic potential, inferred symbiotic lifestyle, and a global distribution, for this species.
The acceptance of Patescibacteriota by the SeqCode now provides a single and validated name for this lineage, which is nowadays considered to be the fourth-largest phylum in the bacterial domain.
References
- ↑ Dutkiewicz, Zuzanna; Singleton, Caitlin M; Sereika, Mantas; Villada, Juan C; Mussig, Aaron J; Chuvochina, Maria; Albertsen, Mads; Schulz, Frederik; Woyke, Tanja; Nielsen, Per H; Hugenholtz, Philip; Rinke, Christian (2025-01-01). "Proposal of Patescibacterium danicum gen. nov., sp. nov. in the ubiquitous bacterial phylum Patescibacteriota phyl. nov". ISME Communications. 5 (1): ycae147. doi:10.1093/ismeco/ycae147. ISSN 2730-6151. PMC 11809585 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 39931676 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Rinke, Christian; Schwientek, Patrick; Sczyrba, Alexander; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Anderson, Iain J.; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Darling, Aaron; Malfatti, Stephanie; Swan, Brandon K.; Gies, Esther A.; Dodsworth, Jeremy A.; Hedlund, Brian P.; Tsiamis, George; Sievert, Stefan M.; Liu, Wen-Tso (July 2013). "Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter". Nature. 499 (7459): 431–437. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..431R. doi:10.1038/nature12352. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 23851394.
- ↑ Parks, Donovan H.; Chuvochina, Maria; Waite, David W.; Rinke, Christian; Skarshewski, Adam; Chaumeil, Pierre-Alain; Hugenholtz, Philip (November 2018). "A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life". Nature Biotechnology. 36 (10): 996–1004. doi:10.1038/nbt.4229. ISSN 1546-1696. PMID 30148503.
- ↑ Srinivas, Pooja; Peterson, S. Brook; Gallagher, Larry A.; Wang, Yaxi; Mougous, Joseph D. (2024-12-17). "Beyond genomics in Patescibacteria: A trove of unexplored biology packed into ultrasmall bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (51): e2419369121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12119369S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2419369121. PMC 11665869 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 39665754 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Danczak, R. E.; Johnston, M. D.; Kenah, C.; Slattery, M.; Wrighton, K. C.; Wilkins, M. J. (2017-09-02). "Members of the Candidate Phyla Radiation are functionally differentiated by carbon- and nitrogen-cycling capabilities". Microbiome. 5 (1): 112. doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0331-1. ISSN 2049-2618. PMC 5581439. PMID 28865481.
- ↑ Dutkiewicz, Zuzanna; Singleton, Caitlin M; Sereika, Mantas; Villada, Juan C; Mussig, Aaron J; Chuvochina, Maria; Albertsen, Mads; Schulz, Frederik; Woyke, Tanja; Nielsen, Per H; Hugenholtz, Philip; Rinke, Christian (2025-01-01). "Proposal of Patescibacterium danicum gen. nov., sp. nov. in the ubiquitous bacterial phylum Patescibacteriota phyl. nov". ISME Communications. 5 (1): ycae147. doi:10.1093/ismeco/ycae147. ISSN 2730-6151. PMC 11809585 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 39931676 Check|pmid=value (help).
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