Peebles Homestead
Homestead settlement
The Peebles Homestead is located along Cramer Road in Shippensburg, Southampton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. The property was settled by the Alexander Peebles (Sr) family in the 1770s when Alexander Peebles (Peoples) was granted a land warrant for 217 acres in 1773. In 1787 he was granted an additional parcel adjacent to the Cramer Road property which sits between current day Cramer Road and Goodhart Road.[1] The earliest record for Alexander Peebles is in Hopewell Township in 1766.[2] Southampton Township was created from a portion of Hopewell Township in 1783.[3] The Peebles' properties were surveyed in 1787.[4] The Peebles family were of Scot-Irish descent, and were members of the Middle Spring Presbyterian Church.[5] Alexander Peebles served as a Captain in the Revolutionary War with the Cumberland County Militia from 1777-1782.
Architecture and construction
Alexander Peebles and his wife Mary built a two-story, 3-bay, limestone house in the middle of their land grant. The house is a traditional English/ Scot-Irish, Georgian style, center entry home and measures 36 feet by 21 feet, and is one room deep.[6] Limestone chimneys are located at each end of the original home. Compared to other limestone homes in the area, the corner blocks are very large. One stone on the Eastern addition measures four feet in length. The home faces south to maximize solar exposure in the winter.
The dimensions of the original home, the number of windows, and the number of lights (window panes) coincide with the 1798 Direct Tax records. The 1798 Direct Tax also lists a 16 x 18 wood kitchen, a log barn and a log smith (blacksmith) shop. The log barn and log smith shop have not survived, but a 16 foot by 18 foot limestone detached kitchen has survived. The kitchen is located to the rear of the home and contains a large open hearth fireplace with a limestone chimney. A one-story 22 foot by 21 foot addition with a limestone chimney was added to the Eastern part of the home. It is believed that the George McCormick family built the addition soon after acquiring the property in 1838, and later added the second story to the addition. Today, with the addition, the home measures 58 feet by 21 feet. The addition does not appear on the 1798 Direct Tax.
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission archaeology
In 2007 the property was surveyed at the request of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). The survey lists the George McCormick family as the original settlers on the homestead and as the builders of the limestone home. A memo dated November 26, 2007 names the “McCormick Farm” as eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and recommends Phase I archaeology. Phase I archaeology was performed and identified a “potentially significant historic archaeology site—the McCormick House Kitchen Midden”. However it was determined that the kitchen midden would not contribute significant archaeological material and information, so it was recommended that no further archaeology be performed on the site, and the site should not be considered eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D (potential to yield important historical information). The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission did not agree with the Phase I report that the site would not provide significant archaeological information, and Phase II archaeology was recommended. Phase II archaeology was completed in 2008, and with further research, it was determined that the Alexander Peebles family settled the property before the McCormick family, and the Peebles family built the limestone home. Archaeology of the kitchen midden recovered 1,347 artifacts, primarily ceramics. However, it was determined that the kitchen midden site was previously disturbed and was not intact. The archaeology report concluded that the kitchen midden site would not provide significant information about the history of the region so the property was deemed not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. The kitchen midden site was the only area on the property where archaeology research was performed. All artifacts recovered during archaeology were turned over to the State Museum of Pennsylvania.
Chain of ownership
Upon Alexander Peebles Sr.’s death, the homestead was conveyed to his son Alexander Peebles, Jr.[7] In 1838 the property was conveyed to George McCormick by Robert Irwin and Eliza Irwin, widow of Alexander Peebles, Jr.[8] . George McCormick died in 1850 and willed the property to his wife, Nancy. She indentured the property to her son, James K. McCormick who inherited the property upon his mother’s death. James McCormick sold the property to a local businessman, David “D.T.”, Holland in 1884. After the death of David Holland and his wife, Anne Louise, the Merchants Trust Company of Chambersburg sold the property to R.O. Brechbiel and his wife Laura in 1943. The Brechbiel's sold the property to Jacob T. Brechbiel and Lillilan Brechbiel in 1943 who sold the property in 1953 to William E. Reeder. William Reeder sold the property to Clarence E. Cramer and S. Helen Cramer in 1956 who sold the property to Clarence E Cramer Jr and Lena J. Cramer in 1972. Clarence and Lena sold the property to the Beistle Company in 1994.
The homestead today
The homestead contains the original homestead home, summer kitchen, a large bank barn, corn crib, two silos, and numerous out buildings which supported a dairy operation. The dairy operation ceased in 1994 when the Cramer family sold the property to a local manufacturing company, the Beistle Company. The home is unoccupied, and the farmland is currently cultivated by a local dairy farmer.[9] The property is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A (Significant Event) and Criterion C (Architecture). [10] In 2022, the Peebles Homestead was recognized by Preservation Pennsylvania by placement on their 'At Risk" list. The Peebles Homestead is representative of a progressive farm in the Cumberland Valley, ranging from the Colonial Period to present day.[9]
References
- ↑ Eschenmann, Hayes R. "First Families of Cumberland County". IV- Walnut Bottom: 15.
- ↑ Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Pennsylvania State Archives, Harrisburg Pennsylvania. "Pennsylvania, US Land Warrants and Applications 1733-1952".CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ "Southampton Township Cumberland County". Retrieved October 23, 2021.
- ↑ Pennsylvania State Archives. "Copies Survey Books". C-173: 100.
- ↑ Swope, Belle McKinney Hays (1900). History of the Middle Spring Church, Middle Spring Pa, 1738-1900. Newville, PA: Times Steam Printing House. Search this book on
- ↑ McElwain, Wilbur J. United States Direct Tax of 1798, Tax Lists for Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Heritage Books, Inc. p. 182. Search this book on
- ↑ Cumberland County Courthouse, Cumberland County Pennsylvania. "Will of Alexander Peebles, Sr". Will Book Volume I-K: 388-389.
- ↑ Cumberland County Courthouse. "Deed transfer". RR: 252-253.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Pennsylvania Historic Museum Commission (PHMC). "Survey Reports, Archaeological Survey, I-81 Commerce Park, Shippensburg and Southampton Township". Pa-Share.
- ↑ "National Register of Historic Places". Retrieved October 23, 2021.
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