Philippe Ciais
Philippe Ciais
Philippe Ciais is a researcher of the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), the climate change research unit of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL). He is a physicist working on the global carbon cycle of planet Earth, climate change, ecology and geosciences.
Early life[edit]
Philippe Ciais studied Physics at Ecole Normale Supérieure and received a PhD in 1991 entitled “Holocene climate record of Antarctic ice cores”. In 1992 he was a post-doctoral fellow at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Boulder, Colorado, U.S. and investigated how carbon and oxygen isotopes in atmospheric CO2 can be used to constrain terrestrial carbon fluxes. He also designed the first three-dimensional simulation model of the heavy oxygen isotope in CO2, an isotopic tracer of the water cycle coupled with carbon dioxide uptake by plant photosynthesis.
Professional career[edit]
After 1994, Philippe Ciais returned to France at LSCE and carried out research into the inverse modeling of CO2 and CH4 fluxes at the surface of the Earth, based on transport models and a global network of surface in-situ stations. Under his leadership, this activity has been developed at LSCE into a research team. In parallel, Philippe Ciais led the establishment of the French greenhouse gas atmospheric monitoring network, going from two stations in 1992 to 25 stations today, and became a key component of the ICOS European Infrastructure. This line of research was accompanied by the coordination of national and European projects.
From 2005 to 2013, Philippe Ciais devoted his time to the coordination of the preparation of Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) large-scale European research infrastructure. Going from national and European auditions, to technical preparation work, and the negotiation of the governance and funding leverage involving stakeholders and ministry representatives in 17 countries, ICOS successfully became a flagship research infrastructure in the area of climate change.
Philippe Ciais continued research during the last twenty years, mainly on the relationships between ecosystem CO2 fluxes and climate, combining terrestrial biosphere models with satellite and eddy-covariance observations. He took part in the set up and interpretation of one of the first coupled carbon-climate simulation with the IPSL climate model, and pioneered the incorporation of cultivated ecosystems into a terrestrial biosphere model. By combining eddy-flux and remote sensing data, with models, Philippe Ciais analyzed the responses of temperate forests to drought during the summer 2003 heat wave (Ciais et al. 2005).[1] and of boreal ecosystems during warmer autumns (Piao et al. 2008) [2]. These two publications received a lot of citations. A collaboration with Beijing University has been maintained with the SINO-FRENCH SOFIE Research Institute for Earth System Science led by Shilong Piao and Philippe Ciais.
The most outstanding results of his research are: use of stable isotopes of atmospheric carbon dioxyde to quantify the fraction of fossil fuel emissions absorbed in the land and ocean carbon reservoirs [1] development and application of inversion methods to quantify the budgets of greenhouse gases across scales going from global to local analysis of the carbon balance of different ecosystems and regions and their sensitivity to climate change, improvement of global terrestrial ecosystem models, and the development of scientific analysis in support of climate policy.
Philippe Ciais has been scientific coordinator or principal investigator of French, European Union and International projects and became co-chair of the Global Carbon Project in 2009. He had the opportunity to contribute to several synthesis of recent trends in the carbon cycle, characterized by the recent fast growth of emissions and by a slowing trend of natural sinks, a finding that had a large impact in the media. At that time, he also acted as co-chair of the Global Carbon Observation Strategy of the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) task force on integrated carbon observations.
He is one of the principal investigators of the ERC-Synergy 2014-2019 grant IMBALANCE-P project, dealing with phosphorus and nitrogen imbalance of organisms, ecosystems and the earth system.
His recent studies are the variations of ecosystem CO2 fluxes in response to seasonal and year-to-year variable climate, modeling CO2 emissions caused by human induced land use change, feedbacks between climate warming and permafrost carbon decomposition, attribution of river discharge trends to climate and human factors, and understanding how CO2 measurement satellites can help to monitor anthropogenic CO2 emissions caused by human activities (video).
He has worked for the IPCC in the Fourth IPCC Assessment Report, which was awarded the 2007 Nobel Piece Prize, and coordinated the Chapter 6 "Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles" in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report [3].
Philippe Ciais is a highly cited researcher in two fields: Geosciences and Environment/Ecology and in all the fields of the ISI science indicators (Thomson Reuters). He has ranked as the most productive scientific author in the field of climate change, and among the authors who contributed to 5 of the 100 most influential papers in this field (Carbonbrief/The most "cited" climate change papers).
He has published more than 600 scientific papers in journals of the Science Citation Index, including first authors' papers in Nature journals [4] [5] [6] [7], Science [8] and PNAS [9] [10], and contributed to the dissemination of science activities at national and international level. Philippe Ciais was ranked as the most productive scientist in the world and among the most influential scientists in the field of climate change in a recent analysis [11] of the most cited climate change papers [12].
Awards and Honors[edit]
He has received several awards-prizes both national and international.
- In 2013, the Award Stars of Europe from the French Ministry of Research and Higher Education « Etoiles de l’Europe »
- In 2016, the European Copernicus Medal from the Copernicus Gesellschaft that recognizes ingenious, innovative work in the geosciences or in the planetary and space sciences.
- In 2017, the Sylver Medal of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) for his research on the quantification and understanding of greenhouse gas fluxes [13]
References[edit]
- ↑ Ciais P., Reichstein M., Viovy N., Granier A., Ogée J., et al. (2005), Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003, Nature, 437(7058), 529-533. doi:10.1038/nature03972, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03972
- ↑ Piao S., Ciais P., Friedlingstein P., Peylin P., Reichstein M., et al. (2008), Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming. Nature (451), 49-52. doi:10.1038/nature06444, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06444
- ↑ Ciais, P., C. Sabine, G. Bala, L. Bopp, V. Brovkin, J. Canadell, A. Chhabra, R. DeFries, J. Galloway, M. Heimann, C. Jones, C. Le Quéré, R.B. Myneni, S. Piao and P. Thornton, 2013: Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA2014. Available at http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ » (retrieved 14 March 2018)
- ↑ Ciais, P., Tagliabue A., Cuntz M., Bopp L., Scholze M., Hoffmann G., Lourantou A., Harrison S. P., Prentice I. C., Kelley D. I., Koven C., and S. L. Piao (2012), Large inert carbon pool in the terrestrial biosphere during the Last Glacial Maximum, Nature Geoscience, 5(1), 74-79. doi:10.1038/ngeo1324, https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo1324
- ↑ Ciais, P., T. Gasser, J. D. Paris, K. Caldeira, M. R. Raupach, J. G. Canadell, A. Patwardhan, P. Friedlingstein, S. L. Piao, and V. Gitz (2013), Attributing the increase in atmospheric CO2 to emitters and absorbers, Nature Climate Change, 3(10), 926-930. doi:10.1038/nclimate1942, https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1942
- ↑ Ciais P., Schelhaas M.J., Zaehle , Piao S. L., Cescatti A., Liski J., Luyssaert S., Le Maire G., Schulze E. D. , Bouriaud O., Freibauer A., Valentini R., and G. J. Nabuurs (2008), Carbon accumulation in European forests, Nature Geoscience, 1(7), 425-429. doi:10.1038/ngeo233, https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo233
- ↑ Ciais P., Reichstein M., Viovy N., Granier A., Ogée J., et al. (2005), Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003, Nature, 437(7058), 529-533. doi:10.1038/nature03972, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03972
- ↑ Ciais, P., P. P. Tans, M. Trolier, J. W. C. White, and R. J. Francey (1995), A large Northern-hemisphere terrestrial CO2 sink indicated by the C13/C12 ratio of atmospheric CO2, Science, 269(5227), 1098-1102. doi:10.1126/science.269.5227.1098, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/269/5227/1098
- ↑ Wang W., Ciais P., Nemani R. R., Canadell J. G., Piao S., Sitch S., White M. A., Hashimoto H., Milesi C., and R. B. Myneni (2013), Variations in atmospheric CO2 growth rates coupled with tropical temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 110(32), 13061-13066. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219683110
- ↑ Li W., Ciais P., Wang Y., Peng S., Broquet G., Ballantyne A. P., Canadell J. G., Cooper L., Friedlingstein P., Le Quéré C., Myneni R. B., Peters G. P., Piao S., and J. Pongratz (2016), Reducing uncertainties in decadal variability of the global carbon budget with multiple datasets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 113(46), 13104-13108. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603956113
- ↑ Analysis of the most cited climate change papers, https://www.carbonbrief.org/, retrieved 8 July 2015
- ↑ Clarivate Analitics. Highly Cited Researchers, at https://clarivate.com/hcr/2017-researchers-list/?utm_source=Publons&utm_medium=Blog#freeText%3Dciai (retrieved 13 March 2018)
- ↑ Boucher O. (2017). Philippe Ciais, médaillé d'argent du CNRS, doi:10.4267/2042/62158, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316850871_Philippe_Ciais_medaille_d%27argent_du_CNRS
External links[edit]
- Le Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE)
- ERC Synergy Grant: IMBALANCE-P
- Google Scholar, Citation index
- "Who is Who" in the Global Carbon Project
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