Pop Stefan
Pop Stefan ( Pop Stefania ) (fl. 1750-1820; Aromanian: Popa Stefania, Bulgarian: Поп Стефань, Greek: Παπά Στέφανο, Macedonian: Поп Стефан/Поп Стефанија) was a Sakellarios and priest of Aromanian origin[1][2][3][4][5][6] from Ohrid who is known for providing the first published written text in a Macedonian dialect as part of the Lexicon Tetraglosson, a quadrilingual lexicon of Greek, Albanian, Aromanian, and Bulgarian (dialect of Ohrid) compiled by Daniel Moscopolites, an Aromanian scholar from Moscopole. Pop Stefan translated the Slavic version from Greek.[7][8]
Biography[edit]
Pop Stefan was an 18th-century sakkellarios and priest working and living in Ohrid, Ottoman Empire.[9][10][11] He was presumably born in Agios Germanos in the Prespa region.[12] He is the progenitor of the current notable Ohrid family Pop Stefanija who reside in the city of Ohrid to this day.[13]
His sons, Grigor Pop Stefanija and Nikola Pop Stefanija (born 1795) both worked with Dželadin-bey, the local Ottoman feudal lord who ruled Ohrid, then part of the kaza of the Sanjak of Ohrid, in the early 19th century.[14] Nikola was the chronicler of Ohrid at the time. He is the author of the "Охридски летописни белешки" (Romanised: Ohridski letopisni beleški. English: Ohrid chronicles) which give a detailed insight in life in Ohrid under Ottoman rule in the early 19th century.[15][16]
Addition to the Lexicon Tetraglosson[edit]
Pop Stefan is known for providing the first written published text of the Macedonian language. This text was published as part of the Lexicon Tetraglosson by Aromanian scholar Daniel Moscopolites in Venice in 1794.
Daniel compiled a combined dictionary of Greek (Romaika), Aromanian (Vlachika), Bulgarian (Vulgarika) and Albanian (Alvanitika). The Slavic section of the dictionary, entitled Vulgarika, was written in the Macedonian Ohrid dialect. This section was provided and translated by Pop Stefan of Ohrid, as evidenced by his correspondence with Daniel.[17] The part written in "Bulgarian" is of particular importance for linguists and scholars. This Bulgarian text of Pop Stefan was however, the dialect spoken in the Ohrid region that nowadays is considered the Macedonian language, by linguists. This part of the dictionary is thus the first known written and printed monument of the Macedonian language.[18][19][20][21]
The purpose of the dictionary was to encourage the population to learn the Greek language:[22]
| “ | Albanians, Vlachs, Bulgarians, speaker of other languages, rejoice, and prepare yourselves all of you to become Greeks (Romioi), leaving the barbarian language, voice and customs, that to your descendants will appear like myths. | ” |
Daniel's first letter is dated April 13, 1793. The printing of the Lexicon Tetraglosson took place the following year.
| “ | Here with Demetrius I am sending you a short dictionary for you to translate into Bulgarian and I beg you to put in the effort to finish it in a week. After Easter I want to send it to Venice to be printed.Be careful so that no mistake will be made. For this favor I am thankful and I owe you. | ” |
| “ | "Brother Sakellarios, if you love me, now that my student, the venerable Mr. Dimitrius of Pope Ioannou, has arrived to become a teacher of the children of Ahridos, please support him in everything and take him under your wing. He is worthy and humble and I hope will prosper because he has lived with us and imitated our manners."[23][24] | ” |
Dimitrius of Ioannou came from Moscopole to study in Ohrid after Daniel asked Pop Stefania to take him under his wing. Afterwards he went to Magarevo and became a priest there.
Pop Stefan was so fond of his pupil that he welcomed him into his own family, letting Dimitrius wed to Pop Stefan's granddaughter of his oldest son, Nikola Pop Stefania. They had a daughter together. Her name was Sultana and she was in turn the mother of Dimitar and Konstantin, the famous Miladinov brothers who were poets and activists from Struga.[25][26][27]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Ничев, Александър. Четириезичният речник на Даниил (гръцка и българска част). Годишник на Софийския университет. Факултет по западни филологии, т. LXX, София, 1976, стр. 5-180.
- ↑ J. Kristophson, Das Lexikon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis, in: Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 10 (1974), pp. 7-128.
- ↑ The Contact Hypothesis Revised: DOM in the South Slavic Periphery. Journal of language contact. E.Buzharoska. June 2020.
- ↑ The modern Macedonian standard language. Victor A Friedman, University of Chicago. https://home.uchicago.edu/~vfriedm/Articles/142Friedman00.pdf
- ↑ "Ничев, Александър. Четириезичният речник на Даниил (гръцка и българска част). Годишник на Софийския университет. Факултет по западни филологии, т. LXX, София, 1976, стр. 5-180.
- ↑ J. Kristophson, Das Lexikon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis, in: Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 10 (1974), pp. 7–128.
- ↑ Polenakovikj H. (1973). Nikulcite na novata Makedonska knizhevnost. Misla publishing. p. 269
- ↑ Todorovski G. (1990). Kniga nashinska sirech slavjanska. Makedonska Kniga Publishing. p. 19
- ↑ Το τετράγλωσσο λεξικό του Δανιήλ Μοσχοπολίτη (1802)Δ.Λιθοξόου 2009
- ↑ "Четириезичният речник на Даниил (гръцка и българска част). Годишник на Софийския университет. Факултет по западни филологии, т. LXX, София, 1976, стр. 5-180.
- ↑ J. Kristophson, Das Lexikon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis, in: Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 10 (1974), pp. 7-128.
- ↑ "Taka se zboruva vo ohrid" - Liljana Guševska, Liljana Minova-Ǵurkova Filološki fakultet "Blaže Koneski", Katedra za makedonski jazik i južnoslovenski jazici, 1999. P. 18
- ↑ Ив. Снѣгаровъ. Македонски Прегледъ. Година I, книга 4, София, 192. II p.56
- ↑ Извори за познавање на старата градска архитектура во Охрид. Ц. Грозданов. UKIM.edu - 1986 Page 218.
- ↑ Ohridski Letopisni Beleshki - N.Pop Stefanija. 1997. Macedonia Prima publishing. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL23753930W/Ohridski_letopisni_bele%C5%A1ki
- ↑ Зборник на трудови ПРЛИЧЕВАТА „1762 ЛЕТО“ - Симбол на непокорот на Македонецот - НУ - Библиотека „Григор Прличев“ - Охрид - Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia. 2013. p.11
- ↑ The modern Macedonian standard language. Victor A Friedman, University of Chicago. https://home.uchicago.edu/~vfriedm/Articles/142Friedman00.pdf
- ↑ Македонската литература во XIX век. Гане Тодоровски
- ↑ Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (1969). Грчкиот алфавит употребуван во Македонските книжевни текстови во текот на вековите. Страници од македонската книжевност. Скопје: , Македонска книга. стр. 124.
- ↑ Todorovski G. (1990). Kniga nashinska sirech slavjanska. Makedonska Kniga Publishing. p. 19
- ↑ Вж. у мене „Нови данни за българщината въ Македония”, сп. „Македонски прегледъ”, год. I, кн. 4, стр. 55—56 и рецензията на Л. Милетичъ, сѫщо тамъ, стр 105—106.
- ↑ Kostantaras Dean J.. Infamy and revolt: the rise of the national problem in early modern Greek thought. East European Monographs, 2006, ISBN 978-0-88033-581-2 Search this book on
., p. 96.
- ↑ Ив. Снѣгаровъ. Македонски Прегледъ. Година I, книга 4, София, 192. II p.56
- ↑ Προδημοσίευση: Δανιήλ Μοσχοπολίτης “Το Τετράγλωσσον Λεξικόν” / Εισαγωγή, επιμέλεια Γ. Έξαρχος. 13.01.2022
- ↑ "Izbor" - Konstantin Miladinov. Gane Todorovski, 1980 Misla Publishing. Page 366 & 395.
- ↑ Documentary about the Miladinovci brothers by poet, journalist and author Jovan Negrieski, Radio Struga 2011
- ↑ Литературен збор Volume 36 - 1989 - page 29.
External links[edit]
- Εισαγωγική Διδασκαλία (Introductory instruction), 1802
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