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Provisional Government of Azad Hind – Commonwealth of Australia relations

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

See also: British India – Commonwealth of Australia relations and Quit India Movement
Australian Commonwealth Realm—Free India Provisional Governments relations
Azad Hind Australia
   All-INDIA Muslim League
   INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
  AUSTRALIA

Foreign diplomatic relations between Australia and Modern India are well-established, with both nations sharing a "Comprehensive Strategic Partnership" since both were part of the British Empire. Both are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, and share political, economic, security, lingual and sporting ties. Besides strong trading & migration, culture, arts, music, commercial & international sports like cricket, tennis, badminton have emerged as a strong cultural connection between the two nations. Military cooperation between Australia and India includes the regular joint naval exercise AUSINDEX.[1]

Diplomatic relations[edit]

Modern India first established a Trade Office in Sydney, Australia on the 7th of March in 1941[2]. It is currently represented by a High Commissioner in the Indian High Commission at Canberra and Consulate generals in Sydney, Perth and Melbourne.[3] Australia has a High Commission in New Delhi, India and Consulates in Mumbai and Chennai.[4]

1947–present: After Indian Independence[edit]

Flag of India's Hindustani Independence.
Modern India, as it stood in 1947.
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi holding a koala at Taronga Zoo in 1968, with Sir Arthur Tange, Australian High Commissioner to India, in the background.

After World War II, the Australian government of Ben Chifley supported the independence of India from the British Empire to act as a frontier against communism.[5] Later, under Robert Menzies, Australia supported the admission of India as a Republic to the Commonwealth Nations. In 1950, Menzies became the first Australian Prime Minister to visit India, where he met with the Governor-General Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.[6]

As part of the Colombo Plan,[7] many Indian students were sponsored to come and study in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s. Easing of restrictions in the late 1960s saw an increase in non-European Indians migrating to Australia especially professionals.[8] After Independence, Australia has maintained relations with both INDIA/PAKISTAN, with some concern from India over defence sales over the border such as 50 Mirage fighter jets and parts in 2007.[9]

Pre-1788 history[edit]

Prior to colonisation of Australia, there is evidence of ancient migration of Indians to Australia around 4,000 to 5,000 years ago based on DNA and language development in native Indians and Indigenous Australians according to a recent study.[10]

Treaties[edit]

A number of treaties before Indian independence or Australian federation are still honoured, such as extradition treaties and criminal cooperation. Since Indian independence, there have been several treaties between the two countries:

  • Postal, Money Order and Air service treaties.
  • Commonwealth of Nations treaties.
  • Cooperative aid to other countries.[11]
  • Mutual protection of Patents in 1963.[12]
  • A cultural agreement in 1971.[13]
  • An agreement to discuss trade in 1976[14]
  • Science and Technology cooperation agreements in 1975[15] and 1986.[16]
  • Australia has been involved with peace keeping missions between INDIA/PAKISTAN (KASHMIR).[17]
  • Taxation cooperation treaties in 1983,[18] 1991,[19] and 2011.[20]
  • Development cooperation agreement in 1990.[21]
  • Promoting and protecting investments in 2000.[22]
  • Peaceful use of Nuclear Energy in 2014 in order to purchase uranium[23] from Australia.[24]
  • A Social Security agreement in 2016.[25]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Bagchi, Indrani (11 July 2018). "India, Australia kick off joint exercise Down Under" – via The Economic Times - The Times of India.
  2. ↑ "History of Consulate General of India, Melbourne". Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  3. ↑ "India Australia relations". High commission of India in Australia. Archived from the original on 12 September 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ "About us". Australian High Commission in India. Archived from the original on 10 July 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ "Ben Chifley". Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ "Menzies on Tour: India". Menzies on Tour: Travelling with Robert Menzies, 1950-1959. eScholarship Research Centre, The University of Melbourne. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  7. ↑ Rao, p. 107.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DSS
  9. ↑ "Jet sales to Pakistan haunt Canberra". www.theage.com.au. Fairfax. The Age. 7 November 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  10. ↑ MacDonald, Anna (15 January 2013). "Research shows ancient Indian migration to Australia". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC News. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  11. ↑ "Agreement between the Governments of the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Pakistan and Ceylon on the one hand and the Government of Burma on the other hand respecting a Loan of [sterling]6,000,000 to be made by the Five Commonwealth Governments to the Government of Burma [1950] ATS 6". www.austlii.edu.au. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  12. ↑ “Agreement between the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India with respect to the Mutual Protection of Priority of Patents for Inventions. ATS 4 of 1963”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  13. ↑ "Cultural Agreement between the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India. ATS 19 of 1971)”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  14. ↑ “Trade Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of India ATS 21 of 1976 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  15. ↑ “Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology. ATS 10 of 1975)” Archived 15 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  16. ↑ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India on Co-operation in the Fields of Science and Technology ATS 16 of 1986” Archived 16 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  17. ↑ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the United Nations concerning Provision of RAAF Caribon Aircraft for use by the United Nations Military Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) ATS 29 of 1977 " Archived 15 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  18. ↑ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India for the Avoidance of Double Taxation of Income derived from International Air Transport ATS 21 of 1983 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  19. ↑ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income ATS 49 of 1991” Archived 7 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017
  20. ↑ "Protocol amending the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income (New Delhi, 16 December 2011) - ATS 22 of 2013”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
  21. ↑ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India on Development Co-operation ATS 38 of 1990” Archived 16 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  22. ↑ “Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India on the Promotion and Protection of Investments (New Delhi, 26 February 1999). ATS 14 of 2000” Archived 16 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  23. ↑ "First Aussie uranium shipment to India flagged for next year". www.theaustralian.com.au. The Australian. 16 August 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  24. ↑ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of India on Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (New Delhi, 5 September 2014) - ATS 9 of 2015”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
  25. ↑ "Agreement between Australia and the Government of the Republic of India on Social Security (Canberra, 18 November 2014) - ATS 2 of 2016”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.

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