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Rave Dance Styles

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Rave Dance Styles[edit]

Rave Dancing is a form of improvised ‘freestyle’ dance that uses highly adaptable movements, with various elements inspired by cultural, modern and street dance styles.[1]

Notable Styles and Variations.[edit]

Hakken (Gabber)[edit]

Hakken is a style of rave dance originating from the 1990’s Dutch rave scene.[2] The dance is characterised by the dancer making small steps on the spot; grazing the floor with the sole of the foot in time with the beat. The term Hakken comes from the Dutch language and translates to ‘Chopping’, referencing the quick short motion of the dancer's steps. The term Gabber or Gabbering, was popularised in the Australian rave scene and is used to reference style of music typically performed to. Despite this, Australians typically perform ‘Gabbering’ to Hardstyle genres.[3]

The Melbourne Shuffle (Shuffle)[edit]

The Melbourne Shuffle, often just referred to as Shuffling, is a style of rave dance that originated in the 1980s and 1990s Australian rave scene.[4] The style is characterised by dancers performing a fast T-step whilst thrusting the arms up and down to the beat of music. Variations of the running man dance move as well as 360’ spins, jumps and kicks are also characteristic of this style. The Melbourne Shuffle is a versatile dance style that may be performed alongside a range of electronic musical genres.

Jumpstyle (Jumpen)[edit]

Jumpstyle, also known as Jumpen, is a style of rave dance originating in Belgium’s early-2000s rave scene.[5] Jumpstyle is a dance similar to Hakken featuring small steps performed on the spot but with the addition of higher kicks. The term Jumpen is a combination of Jumpstyle and Hakken, reflecting the similarities in styles. Jumpstyle is typically performed to Jumpstyle music; a mix of Techno, Gabber and Hardcore styles, with the subgenre generally being considered a slower version of those styles.

Muzzing[edit]

Muzzing is a style of rave dance that originated in the mid-2000s Australian rave scene. The dance is characterised by the engagement of a dancer's core and upper body allowing them to thrust in time with the beat whilst the arms move rhythmically between poses. The popularisation of Muzzing has been linked to the late bodybuilder Zyzz, with multiple YouTube uploads featuring the ‘Muzz’ dance style dating back to 2007.[6] Muzzing is thought to be influenced by French Electro Dance also known as Tecktonik, with both styles featuring vogue and waacking elements. Muzzing is typically performed to Techno and Hardstyle music.

Electro-Dance (Tecktonik)[edit]

Electro-Dance or Techktonik is a style of rave dance that originated in the 2000s French rave scene.[7] This style of dance is characterised by flowing upper body and arm movements and gentle shuffling footwork. The style draws influence from a number of various dance genres including: Disco, Vogue/Waacking, and Hip-Hop. Tecktonik dance styles are typically performed toTechno, Club and Electro-house style music. The term Tecktonik is a trademarked term that originated in the early 2000s as a play on the word tectonic and was used to promote the hardstyle and Jumpstyle genres in France.[8]


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  1. Everitt, A., 1997. Joining In. [ebook] London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Available at: <https://web.archive.org/web/20130731195611/http://www.gulbenkian.org.uk/pdffiles/Joining-in-text-no-photos.pdf> [Accessed 22 June 2022].
  2. De Telegraaf (5 December 2014). "10 jaar Pandemonium: 'Hardcore, hakken én gezelligheid'". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). Telegraaf Media Groep. [Accessed 21 June 2022].
  3. Fazal, M., 2017. Which Is Sicker: Melbourne Shuffle or Sydney Gabber?. [online] Vice.com. Available at: <https://www.vice.com/en/article/evdgdj/which-is-sicker-melbourne-shuffle-or-the-sydney-gabber> [Accessed 22 June 2022].
  4. Fazal, M., 2017. Which Is Sicker: Melbourne Shuffle or Sydney Gabber?. [online] Vice.com. Available at: <https://www.vice.com/en/article/evdgdj/which-is-sicker-melbourne-shuffle-or-the-sydney-gabber> [Accessed 22 June 2022].
  5. Ivers, B., 2008. What Is It? Jumpstyle. [online] XLR8R. Available at: <https://xlr8r.com/features/what-is-it-jumpstyle/> [Accessed 21 June 2022].
  6. Sparky. 2022. INTERVIEW: Dionysus and the Rise of Hardstyle — Sparky. [online] Available at: <https://www.sparky.wtf/news/template-do-not-touch-april-f89dj-j3s9z-ng52y-aee8x-7kj7w-6zn5z-e2jet-m79md-5gn5w-whwrb-6l3n5-sxpcf-xd9m2-nadzs> [Accessed 21 June 2022].
  7. Laurenson, J., 2009. BBC NEWS | World | Europe | Tecktonik tremors jolt France. [online] News.bbc.co.uk. Available at: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7923658.stm> [Accessed 26 June 2022].
  8. Web.archive.org. 2022. Tecktonik dance craze takes Paris by storm. [online] Available at: <https://web.archive.org/web/20091127085552/http://www.sawfnews.com/lifestyle/42474.aspx> [Accessed 26 June 2022].