Reasonableness
The concept of reasonableness has two related meanings in law and political theory:
- As a legal norm, it is used "for the assessment of such matters as actions, decisions, and persons, rules and institutions, [and] also arguments and judgments."[1]
- As a regulative idea, it "requires... that all factors that might be relevant in answering a practical question be considered and... that they be assembled in a correct relation to each other in order to justify [a judgement]."[1]
Reasonableness should not be conflated with rationality.[1]
Political theory
Reasonableness has been discussed by political thinkers such as John Rawls (in his 1993 Political Liberalism),[2][3][1] T. M. Scanlon,[2] Brian Barry[2] and Georg Henrik von Wright.[1]
Legal theory
The notion of "reasonableness" is omnipresent in European law, and has also affected "international treaties and general customs".[4] Examples of its use can be found in canon and medieval law, suggesting roots going back to Ancient Rome.[4]
General usage
Standards and doctrines requiring reasonableness include:
- Reasonability
- Reasonable accommodation
- Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing
- Reasonable and probable grounds
- Reasonable doubt
- Reasonable person
- Reasonable suspicion
- Reasonable time
- Subjective and objective standard of reasonableness
Constitutional and administrative law
In constitutional and administrative law, reasonableness is a lens through which courts examine the constitutionality or lawfulness of legislation and regulation.[5][6][7] According to Paul Craig, it is "concerned with review of the weight and balance accorded by the primary decision-maker to factors that have been or can be deemed relevant in pursuit of a prima facie allowable purpose".[8]
Common law
Examples of reasonableness standards in common law jurisdictions include:
- Reasonableness simpliciter and patent unreasonableness (repealed in 2008) in Canadian law[9]
- Wednesbury unreasonableness in English law
- Wednesbury unreasonableness in Singaporean law
Mixed jurisdictions
- Reasonableness cause in Israeli law (עילת הסבירות)
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Bongiovanni, Giorgio, ed. (2009). Reasonableness and law. Law and philosophy library. Dordrecht Heidelberg: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-8499-7. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Moore, Margaret (1996). "On Reasonableness". Journal of Applied Philosophy. 13 (2): 167–178. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5930.1996.tb00159.x. ISSN 0264-3758.
- ↑ Boettcher, James W. (2004). "What is reasonableness?". Philosophy & Social Criticism. 30 (5–6): 597–621. doi:10.1177/0191453704045756. ISSN 0191-4537. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zorzetto, Silvia (2015). "Reasonableness". Italian Law Journal. 1: 107.
- ↑ "5.3 Reasonableness". International Commission of Jurists. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
- ↑ Zaring, David (2011). "Rule by Reasonableness" (PDF). Administrative Law Review. 63: 525.
- ↑ Garrett, Brandon L. (2017). "Constitutional Reasonableness". Minnesota Law Review. 102: 61.
- ↑ Craig, Paul (2013-01-01). "The Nature of Reasonableness Review". Current Legal Problems. 66 (1): 131–167. doi:10.1093/clp/cut010. ISSN 0070-1998.
- ↑ Knight, Cjs (2008). "Reasonableness Transformed (in Canada)". Judicial Review. 13 (4): 214–218. doi:10.1080/10854681.2008.11426572. ISSN 1085-4681. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help)
Further reading
Books
- Bongiovanni, Giorgio; Sartor, Giovanni; Valentini, Chiara (2009). Reasonableness and law. Law and philosophy library. Dordrecht New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-8500-0. Search this book on
- Hevia, Martín (2013). Reasonableness and responsibility: a theory of contract law. Law and philosophy library. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-4604-6. Search this book on
- Vadi, Valentina (2018). Proportionality, reasonableness and standards of review in international investment law and arbitration. Elgar international investment law. Cheltenham, UK Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78536-858-5. Search this book on
- Volpi, Franco, ed. (2003). Reasonableness and interpretation. Ars interpretandi. Münster: LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 978-3-8258-6638-9.CS1 maint: Date and year (link) Search this book on
- Young, Shaun, ed. (2014). Reasonableness in Liberal Political Philosophy. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317983750. Search this book on
- Dindjer, Hasan (2020). A theory of reasonableness in administrative law (Ph.D. thesis). University of Oxford.
Articles
- Boettcher, James W. (2004). "What is reasonableness?". Philosophy & Social Criticism. 30 (5–6): 597–621. doi:10.1177/0191453704045756. ISSN 0191-4537. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - Clancy, Thomas K. (2004). "The Fourth Amendment's Concept of Reasonableness". Utah Law Review (4): 277. SSRN 1565797.
- Craig, Paul (2013). "The Nature of Reasonableness Review". Current Legal Problems. 66 (1): 131–167. doi:10.1093/clp/cut010.
- Garrett, Brandon L. (2017). "Constitutional Reasonableness". Minnesota Law Review. 102: 61–126.
- Mangini, Michele (2018). "Toward a theory of reasonableness". Ratio Juris. 31 (2): 208–230. doi:10.1111/raju.12205.
- Zipursky, Benjamin C. (2015). "Reasonableness in and out of Negligence Law". University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 163 (7): 2131–2170.
- Sokol, Sam (2023-01-19). "Israel's 'Reasonableness' Standard Is in the News. But What Is It and Why Do We Need It?". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
This article "Reasonableness" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Reasonableness. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
|
This page exists already on Wikipedia. |
