Roman Palestine
| Roman Palestine | |||||
| Dependency of ancient Rome | |||||
| |||||
.svg) | |||||
| Capital | 32°30′N 35°0′E / 32.500°N 35.000°ECoordinates: 32°30′N 35°0′E / 32.500°N 35.000°E Fatal error: The format of the coordinate could not be determined. Parsing failed. | ||||
| Legislature | Sanhedrin | ||||
| Historical era | Classical antiquity | ||||
| • | Siege of Jerusalem | 63 BCE | |||
| • | Crucifixion of Jesus | 30s CE | |||
| • | Jewish–Roman wars | 66–70/73, 116–118, 132–136 | |||
| • | Civil wars of the Tetrarchy | 306-324 CE | |||
| Today part of | |||||
Roman Palestine is the term used by historians for the period in the history of the region of Palestine when it stood, to varying degrees, under the rule of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Historians typically trace the period from the Roman intervention in the Hasmonean civil war in 63 BCE (uncontested), up until the transition from the pagan Roman to the Christian Byzantine Empire with the consolidation of Constantine's rule in 324 CE,[1] but this end date varies from author to author. The Roman period can be subdivided into early and late phases, transitioning at either the First Jewish–Roman War c. 70 CE or the Bar Kokhba Revolt c. 135 CE.[2][3][dubious ] Some add a Middle Roman period to the Early and Late subsets.
During the Roman period, Palestine went through a series of administrative changes, beginning as a series of Roman client states initially centered on Jerusalem and Judea, under the Jewish dynasties of the Hasmoneans and Herodians, before being gradually annexed into the Roman Empire as the fully incorporated Roman province of Judaea; in its peripheral areas it included parts of the Nabataean Kingdom, which underwent a similar evolution from client state to Roman province. After 135 CE, Roman Palestine was re-organised into the Roman province of Syria Palaestina.[4]
Known governors of Roman Palestine
Province of Judaea
For the time period between the first dissolution of the Herodian client statelets into the empire during Herod's immediate successors, to the change of name for the province from Judaea to Palaestina after the Bar Kokhba Revolt, see Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135).
Province of Syria Palaestina
- Aufidius Priscus (293/305)[5]
- Aelius Flavianus (303)[6]
- Urbanus (304–307)[6]
- Valerius Firmilianus (308/9–310/11)[6]
- Valentinianus (310/311)[7]
Economy
![[icon]](/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2025) |
The study of the ancient economy is based on a mixture of the archaeological and historical (including epigraphic) records. For the Roman period, these typically focus on the activities and lives of the rich. The Talmud offers perspectives on rural life in Roman Palestine. The historian Daniel Sperber suggested that the region's declined during the Crisis of the Third Century.[8]
See also
- Byzantine Palestine, the region during the following period
- Early Christianity
- Herodian tetrarchy, Herod the Great's kingdom under his immediate successors
- History of the Jews in the Roman Empire
- Mishnah, first written collection of Jewish oral traditions
References
Citations
- ↑ Chancey & Porter 2001, p. 165.
- ↑ Keddie 2018, pp. 4-5.
- ↑ Dauphin, Claudine (3 July 2018). "Rabbinic texts and the history of late-Roman Palestine (Proceedings of the British Academy 165)". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 150 (3): 253–258. doi:10.1080/00310328.2018.1496985.
- ↑ "Roman Palestine". Palestine - Roman Rule, Jewish Revolts, Crusades. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ↑ "Columnar base for statue of Constantius I, emperor. Caesarea Maritima (Palaestina I). 293-303". 'Last Statues of Antiquity (LSA)' Database. University of Oxford. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Davenport 2010, p. 351.
- ↑ Barnes 1982, p. 152.
- ↑ Safrai 2003, pp. 1-2.
Bibliography
- Barnes, Timothy David (1982). The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine. Harvard University Press. Search this book on
- Chancey, Mark Alan; Porter, Adam Lowry (2001). "The Archaeology of Roman Palestine". Near Eastern Archaeology. 64 (4): 164–203. doi:10.2307/3210829. JSTOR 3210829.
- Davenport, Caillan (2010). "The building inscription from the fort at Udruh and Aelius Flavianus, tetrarchic praeses of Palaestina". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 23: 349-357. doi:10.1017/S1047759400002440. ISSN 1047-7594.
- Keddie, Anthony (2018). Revelations of Ideology: Apocalyptic Class Politics in Early Roman Palestine. doi:10.1163/9789004383647. ISBN 978-90-04-38364-7. Search this book on
- Safrai, Ze'ev (2003) [1994]. The Economy of Roman Palestine. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203204863. ISBN 978-1-134-85187-4. Search this book on
Further reading
- Horsley, Richard (2010). "Jesus and the Politics of Roman Palestine". Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus. 8 (2): 99–145. doi:10.1163/174551910X504882.
- Jacobs, Theuns (2018). "Social Conflict in Early Roman Palestine: A Heuristic Model". Neotestamentica. 52 (1): 115–140. doi:10.1353/neo.2018.0005. hdl:10520/EJC-fc761d21b. JSTOR 26499215. Project MUSE 700501.
- Sperber, Daniel (1978). Roman Palestine, 200–400: The Land. Bar-Ilan University. Search this book on
- Stiebel, Guy Daniel (2007). Armis et litteris: The military equipment of early Roman Palestine, in light of the archaeological and historical sources (Thesis).
- Udoh, Fabian E. (2020). To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine. Brown Judaic Studies. ISBN 978-1-951498-57-3. Project MUSE book 75385. Search this book on
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