Romance peoples
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Languages | |
| Romance languages | |
| Religion | |
| |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Celts |
The Romance peoples, also called Latin peoples, Romanic peoples or Latin Europeans, are a collection of ethnic groups of European origin primarily characterized as speakers of Romance languages.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] They emerged through the Romanization of Italic peoples, Celts, Thracians and other peoples of Europe by Ancient Rome, from which the Romance peoples derive much of their heritage.[lower-alpha 3] Along with Germanic peoples and Slavs, the Romance peoples are one of the three major collections of ethnic groups in modern Europe.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4] Romance peoples include French people, Italians, Portuguese people, Romanians and Spaniards.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 7]
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
 | This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (February 2020) |
The origins of the Romance peoples is to the traced to the process of Romanization, which was carried out through the expansion of Ancient Rome,[lower-alpha 2] and then by the assimilation by the Romance peoples of various dominant minorities. This process has been described has one of "double assimilation".[lower-alpha 3]
The emergence of the Romance peoples began in the late 1st millennium BC through the assimilation of other Italic peoples by the Latins. From the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic, and then the Roman Empire, rapidly expanded beyond Italy. In Iberia, this resulted in the Romanization of peoples such as the Iberians, Lusitanians and Celtiberians. In Gaul, the Gauls were notably Romanized, leading to the rise of Gallo-Roman culture. In the Balkans, peoples such as the Thracians, Getae and Dacians were Romanized. From this process the early Romance peoples emerged.[lower-alpha 3] These early Romance peoples are often referred to as Romans, Roman Provincials, or Empire Provincials.[lower-alpha 8]
Middle Ages[edit]
| This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (February 2020) |
| The neutrality of this section is disputed. (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
During the Migration Period, the lands of the Romance peoples were overwhelmed by populations from the north. Iberia was settled by Suebi and Visigoths. The assimilation of them by the Romance peoples of Iberia would eventually lead to the rise of the Portuguese people and the Spanish people. Gaul was occupied by the Franks, who were assimilated by the Gallo-Romans, leading to the emergence of the French people.[lower-alpha 3] Italy was settled by succeeding waves of Germanic peoples, who were eventually assimilated by the Romance peoples of the peninsula, leading to the emergence of the Italians.[lower-alpha 3] Germanic Burgundians contributed to the ethnogensis of Romance populations around the Alps.[3] The Balkans were overran by Slavs. The assimilation of Slavs by the Romance peoples of the Balkans contributed to the emergence of the Romanians. By the about the 8th century, the Romance peoples were beginning to be referred to by their modern names.[lower-alpha 3]
In the Middle Ages, Iberia and southern Italy came under the influence of Moors, while the Balkans was briefly occupied by Bulgars, Pechenegs and Cumans.[lower-alpha 3] The Pannonian Basin was conquered by the Pannonian Avars, who for several centuries dominated the Germanic, Romance and Slavic populations of the area.[lower-alpha 9] However, these peoples left only a minor ethnolinguistic legacy on neighboring Romance peoples.[lower-alpha 3] In the late 9th century the Hungarians settled the Pannonian Basin, and are believed to have assimilated many of the Romance, Germanic, Slavic and Avar peoples living there.[5] During Middle Ages, the social, political and historical development of the Romance and Germanic peoples followed largely similar lines, being clearly differentiated from the Slavs.[6]
Modern history[edit]
In the 19th century, the movement of Pan-Latinism emerged as a response to Pan-Slavism and Pan-Germanism. This movement advocated the unity of Romance peoples. It became a centerpiece of the foreign policy of the Second French Empire[7] in the later 19th century, when French writers contrasted the "Latin" peoples of the Americas with the "Anglo-Saxon" peoples there.[8], and spoke of "Latinism" as an imperial idea that the Latins should rule over their non-Latin neighbours.[9] It was adopted by Napoleon III to justify French intervention in Mexican politics that led to the creation of the pro-French Second Mexican Empire.[10] However, in the aftermath of France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the creation of a state of Germany, French political theorist Gabriel Hanotaux rejected claims that the era of imperial dominance of the Latin peoples and the French in particular, was over and that the new era was one of imperial dominance of the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Slavic people,[11] averring instead that the imperial burden of "Latin peoples" lied in the colonization of Africa and holding also South America, while the "Anglo-Saxon people"'s imperial holding would be North America, the "Germanic peoples'" would be Central Europe, and the "Slavic peoples'" would be Siberia.[12]
The modern Romance peoples are often divided into a western and eastern division. With the notable exception of the Romanians and Moldovans, most Romance peoples belong to the western part. The eastern Romance peoples are characterized by significant Slavic and Greek influence.[lower-alpha 3] Certain western Romance peoples, such as the French people and the Italians, have a significant Germanic heritage.[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11] Unlike most of the western Romance peoples, who follow the Catholic Church, the eastern Romance peoples belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church. Like several Germanic peoples, the western Roman peoples have been profoundly shaped by the Roman Catholic faith.[lower-alpha 12] All Romance peoples trace a common heritage from Ancient Rome, which, according to Ioan-Aurel Pop, is the decisive factor and basic characteristic of their identity.[lower-alpha 3]
Along with Germanic peoples and Slavs, the Romance peoples are one of the three major collections of ethnic groups in modern Europe.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4]
Culture[edit]
The culture of Romance peoples is largely derived from Ancient Rome. They are primarily characterized as speakers of Romance languages, and are mostly Christian.[lower-alpha 3]
Speakers of the Western Romance languages are mainly located in Western Europe, and generally belong to the Catholic Church. Their culture contains traces of pre-Roman Celtic influence and post-Roman Germanic influence.[lower-alpha 3]
The speakers of Eastern Romance languages are mainly located in the Balkans, and generally belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church. Their culture contains traces of pre-Roman Thracian and Dacian influence, and post-Roman Slavic and Hungarian influence.[lower-alpha 3]
List of Romance peoples[edit]
| This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (February 2020) |
Modern Romance Peoples are broadly defined by languages rather than any clear shared ethnicity. "People of Romanic stock are Portuguese, Spaniards, French, Belgian Walloons, Italians, Romanians, and Moldavians. Their most prominent common characteristic is that of Latin language roots and, except in the case of the last two, west Mediterranean location. Looking at a map of the Roman Empire reveals the cultural “reach” that locked the western Mediterranean into the everlasting Romanic sphere."[17][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 7]
See also[edit]
- Romance studies
- Latin Axis (World War II)
- Latin Union (former international organization from 1983 to 2012; Its aim was to protect, project, and promote the common cultural heritage of Latin peoples and unifying identities of the Latin, and Latin-influenced, world)
- Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)
Notes[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "In. the nineteenth century, the population of Central Eu - rope contained peoples from the three major ethnolinguistic groups of Europe—the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic..."[1]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Archaeologists and historians classify as Romance peoples those descendants of the provincial Roman populations who still lived in the de facto, dejure, or the regions of Late Roman Empire that no longer belonged to the once powerful world empire ruled by Rome."[2]
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 ""During the first millenium of the Christian era, the old continent was the birth-place of several peoples; in broad lines, all these would soon become the main collective characters of European history down to our times. In an attempt to reduce this complex picture to essentials, we could say that contemporary Europe is made up of three large groups of peoples, divided on the criteria of their origin and linguistic affiliation. They are the following: the Romanic or neo-Latin peoples (Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, French, Romanians, etc.), the Germanic peoples (Germans proper, English, Dutch, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Icelanders, etc.), and the Slavic peoples (Russians, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenians, etc.) Obviously, our didactic classification does not cover more than 90% of the European population... Consequently, the European Romanic peoples are the result of a process of double assimilation: firstly, the Roman element assimilated the pre-Roman, indigenous element, and secondly, the migratory elements were incorporated by the would-be Romanic populations and peoples. The Roman constituent is decisive in this process, it is the true basic characteristic (the mark) of these peoples' identity... [T]heir evolution actually started when the respective provinces had been occupied by the Romans (from the 1st century B.C. down to the 2nd century A.D., with the exception of Italy where it had started earlier), reached the climax during the period in which the provinces were part of the Roman Empire (until 400 A.D.) and went on till the 7th and the 8th centuries. Afterwards, the written sources started to mention the neo-Latin peoples by their medieval names."[18]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "At a time during which Europe is rapidly becoming economically and politically integrated, it is easy to forget about the tremendous cultural complexity that characterizes this region of the world... The culture region’s ethnic structure is mainly composed of three major groups: Germanic, Slavic, and Romanic, each of which branches into numerous smaller groups."[16]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "The most well- known Romanic peoples that have maintained themselves as part of Western Romanity are the Italians, the French, the Spanish and the Portuguese, while Romanians exist within the framework of Eastern Romanity."[19]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Romanians (a Latin people, cousins of Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Catalans)."[20]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Latin peoples of Western Europe (the Italians, the French, the Spanish, the Catalans, the Proven9als, the Romansh, and the Portuguese)."[21]
- ↑ "Some historians refer to these peoples as Romans, Roman Provincials, or Empire Provincials. These generations of Romance peoples, who from the reign of Augustus had settled and lived..."[2]
- ↑ "The Avars conquered and then united under their rule the inhabitants of the region, Germanic and Romance populations, Slavs, and inhabitants of the border provinces of the early Byzantine Empire."[4]
- ↑ "The French are a basically Latin people of mixed Germanic, Mediterranean, and other European strains."[13]
- ↑ "The Italians are a Latin people, a mixture of Germanic and Mediterranean peoples."[14]
- ↑ "Now the Catholic Church was left as the only cultural force in the West, the heir to the education and organization of late antiquity. It alone... under the leadership of the papacy and with the help of monasticism, above all the Benedictine order – was capable of shaping over the long term the culture, morality and religion of the Germanic and Romance peoples."[15]
References[edit]
- ↑ Magocsi 2018, p. 97.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dame 2001, p. 110.
- ↑ Dame 2001, p. 111.
- ↑ Vida 2008, pp. 13, 15.
- ↑ Edroiu 1998, p. 509.
- ↑ Fehring 2014, p. 119.
- ↑ Tenenbaum 2001, p. 390.
- ↑ Thomas H. Holloway. A Companion to Latin American History. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., 2011. P. 7.
- ↑ René Maunier. The Sociology of Colonies: An Introduction to the Study of Race Contact, Part 1. London, England, UK: Routledge, 1949, 1998, 2002. P. 203.
- ↑ Thomas H. Holloway. A Companion to Latin American History. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., 2011. P. 7.
- ↑ H. L. Wesseling. Certain Ideas of France: Essays on French History and Civilization. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. P. 138.
- ↑ H. L. Wesseling. Certain Ideas of France: Essays on French History and Civilization. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. P. 138.
- ↑ Minahan 2000, p. 257.
- ↑ Minahan 2000, p. 264.
- ↑ Küng 2001, p. 68.
- ↑ Pavlovic 2006, p. 53.
- ↑ Pavlovic 2006, p. 55.
- ↑ Pop 1996, pp. 25-28.
- ↑ Pop 1999, p. 19.
- ↑ GP 2001, p. 34.
- ↑ Treptow 1996, p. 74.
Bibliography[edit]
- Cole, Jeffrey (2011). Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1598843028. Search this book on
- Dame, Frederick William (2001). "The Swiss Romance Peoples And Their Identity". History of Switzerland: Historical Switzerland from the Romans to Napoleon. E. Mellen Press. pp. 110–115. ISBN 9780773473867. Search this book on
- Edroiu, Nicolae (1998). "Hungarians in Romania". In Giurescu, Dinu C.; Stephen Fischer-Galați, Stephen. Romania: A Historic Perspective. East European Monographs. pp. 509–521. Search this book on
- Fehring, Günther (2014). The Archaeology of Medieval Germany: An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 9781317605119. Search this book on
- GP (2001). MultiCultural Review: Dedicated to a Better Understanding of Ethnic, Racial, and Religious Diversity. 10. GP Subscription Publications. ISBN 0823997006. Search this book on
- Küng, Hans (2001). The Catholic Church: A Short History. Modern Library. ISBN 9781780223865. Search this book on
- Magocsi, Paul Robert (2018). Historical Atlas of Central Europe: Third Revised and Expanded Edition. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 1487523319. Search this book on
- Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0313309841. Search this book on
- Pavlovic, Zoran (2006). "Romanic Peoples". Europe. Infobase Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 9781438104553. Search this book on
- Pop, Ioan Aurel (1996). Romanians and Hungarians from the 9th to the 14th century. Romanian Cultural Foundation. ISBN 9735770377. Search this book on
- Pop, Ioan Aurel (1999). "Romanic Peoples". Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. East European Monographs. pp. 19–34. ISBN 0880334401. Search this book on
- Tenenbaum, Barbara A. (1996). Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Scribner. ISBN 9780684192536. Search this book on
- Treptow, Kurt W. (1996). A History of Romania. East European Monographs. ISBN 0880333456. Search this book on
- Vida, Tivadar (2008). "Conflict And Coexistence". In Curta, Florin. The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans. Brill. pp. 13–47. ISBN 9789004163898. Search this book on
This article "Romance peoples" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Romance peoples. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
