Rulelog
Rulelog[1][2][3] is an expressively powerful approach to fully semantic rule-based knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR). Rulelog is the logic underlying knowledge representation languages such as Flora-2 and SILK[4]. It combines much of the latest work in logic programming, non-monotonic reasoning, business rules, and the Semantic Web. It is designed to be appropriately expressive for supporting knowledge representation in complex domains, such as sciences and law, and yet to be efficiently implementable[2]. It extends well-founded declarative logic programs with features for higher-order syntax (HiLog), frame syntax (cf. F-Logic), defeasibility (a.k.a. prioritized defaults[5][6], a.k.a. prioritized argumentation), general formulas (including existentials and disjunctions in rule heads), and restraint bounded rationality[7].
Features
Rulelog extends well-founded declarative logic programs with features for higher-order syntax (HiLog), frame syntax (cf. F-Logic), defeasibility (a.k.a. prioritized defaults[5][6], a.k.a. prioritized argumentation), general formulas (including existentials and disjunctions in rule heads), and restraint bounded rationality[7]. Rulelog also supports probabilistic knowledge and reasoning, via the HiLog and defeasibility features. Overall, Rulelog combines deep logical/probabilistic reasoning with natural language processing (NLP), and complements machine learning (ML). Rulelog interoperates and composes well with graph databases, relational databases, spreadsheets, XML, RDF/OWL, and can orchestrate overall hybrid KRR. Rulelog is highly expressive in its logical features, yet computationally affordable (inferencing is worst-case polynomial time when radial restraint is employed). The more capable and efficient implementations of Rulelog, such as Ergo and Flora-2, leverage methods from logic programming, non-monotonic reasoning, business rules, the Semantic Web, and databases. Rulelog implementation methods (e.g., in Ergo and Flora-2) include, in particular, dependency-aware smart caching of reasoning results (“tabling” in the terminology of logic programming terminology).
History
Developed mainly since 2005, Rulelog combines several different extensions of declarative logic programs whose language and implementations were originally developed by a number of different researchers during 1994-2012, including Michael Kifer, Benjamin Grosof, Theresa Swift, Mike Dean, Paul Fodor, Miguel Calejo, Brett Benyo, Guizhen Yang, David S. Warren, David Martin, Harold Boley, and others. Rulelog continues to be developed by Benjamin Grosof, Michael Kifer, Theresa Swift, and others. Many of Rulelog's features are drawn from earlier systems, including Flora-2, SweetRules [8], XSB[9],SWSI, Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL)[10], and others. Some of the language features were developed as part of the Semantic Web Services Initiative and resulted in the Semantic Web Services Language.
Standardization
- RIF-Rulelog, specification version of May 24, 2013, Michael Kifer, ed., is a powerful dialect of W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF) that is in draft as a submission from RuleML to W3C for industry standardization. (RuleML has also been cooperating with Oasis on potential standardization of Rulelog.)[11]
- Semantic Web Services Language was submitted as a technical Note (for the sake of standardization) to W3C in April, 2005[12]
Systems Implementing Rulelog
- Rulelog is the logic underlying the software language Flora-2: an open source rule-based system for knowledge representation and reasoning
- SILK project: Semantic Inferencing on Large Knowledge (SILK) knowledge representation system sponsored by Vulcan, Inc[4]
- Ergo: a commercial implementation of Rulelog by Coherent Knowledge
Ergo and SILK each provide additional language features beyond those in Flora-2. Ergo, SILK, and SRI's Sunflower each provide an integrated development environment (IDE) for Rulelog. Sunflower’s is built on top of Flora-2 and implemented in Eclipse.
References
- ↑ Grosof B.N. (2013) Rapid Text-Based Authoring of Defeasible Higher-Order Logic Formulas, via Textual Logic and Rulelog. In: Morgenstern L., Stefaneas P., Lévy F., Wyner A., Paschke A. (eds) Theory, Practice, and Applications of Rules on the Web. RuleML 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8035. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Grosof, B. and Kifer, M. (2013) Rulelog: Syntax and Semantics Archived 2018-12-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Benjamin Grosof, Michael Kifer, and Paul Fodor (2017). Rulelog: Highly Expressive Rules with Deep Scalable Reasoning. Tutorial presented at the International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning (RuleML+RR-2017) in London, UK, July 13, 2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Carl Andersen, Brett Benyo, Miguel Calejo, Mike Dean, Paul Fodor, Benjamin N. Grosof, Michael Kifer, Senlin Liang, Terrance Swift (2013). Understanding Rulelog Computations in Silk. Proceedings of the 23rd Workshop on Logic-based methods in Programming Environments (WLPE 2013).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wan H., Grosof B., Kifer M., Fodor P., Liang S. (2009) Logic Programming with Defaults and Argumentation Theories. In: Hill P.M., Warren D.S. (eds) Logic Programming. ICLP 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5649. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hui Wan , Michael Kifer , Benjamin Grosof, Defeasibility in answer set programs via argumentation theories, Proceedings of the Fourth international conference on Web reasoning and rule systems, September 22-24, 2010, Bressanone, Italy
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Grosof, B. and Swift, T. (2013) Radial Restraint: A Semantically Clean Approach to Bounded Rationality for Logic Programs, Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence July 14-18, 2013, Bellevue, Washington, USA
- ↑ B. Grosof, M. Dean, S. Ganjugunte, S. Tabet, and C. Neogy (2005). SweetRules: An open source platform for semantic web business rules. Web site.
- ↑ Terrance Swift and David s. Warren. 2012. Xsb: Extending prolog with tabled logic programming. Theory Pract. Log. Program. 12, 1-2 (January 2012), 157-187. DOI=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1471068411000500
- ↑ S. Battle, A. Bernstein, H. Boley, B. Grosof, M. Gruninger, R. Hull, M. Kifer, D. Martin, S. McIlraith, D. McGuinness, J. Su, and S. Tabet (2005). SWSL: Semantic Web Services Language. Technical report, W3C, April 2005.
- ↑ Grosof, Benjamin and Kifer, Michael (2013)Rulelog: Syntax and Semantics Archived 2018-12-19 at the Wayback Machine access date=2017-12-04
- ↑ S. Battle, A. Bernstein, H. Boley, B. Grosof, M. Gruninger, R. Hull, M. Kifer, D. Martin, S. McIlraith, D. McGuinness, J. Su, and S. Tabet (2005). SWSL: Semantic Web Services Language. Technical report, W3C, April 2005.
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