Scientific transphobia
Scientific transphobia is the use of scientific research to support transphobia. While validity of transgender identities is supported by modern science,[1] proponents of scientific transphobia cite discredited theories of biology and modern research on fringe scientific theories to support their views, and in doing so often cherry-pick findings or rely on low-quality research.[2] Conversely, the production of such research is influenced by transphobia and ignorance within the scientific community and in some cases, explicit efforts to support a transphobic agenda. Apart from its influence on cultural transphobia, scientific transphobia has commonly been used to support legal discrimination against transgender people,[3][4][5] and impacts the quality of healthcare for transgender individuals.
Historical arguments
Binary interpretations of sex
Historically, chromosomes were used to determine sex, which some have interpreted to mean that gender is determined at birth. However, sex and gender are known to be separate. Proponents of scientific transphobia cite sex as a binary, but intersex people may present at birth as female while having XY chromosomes, or male while having XX chromosomes, or have extra chromosomes.[2]
Transgender identities and mental illness
Ben Shapiro, for example, has stated being transgender is a mental illness.[6] While gender dysphoria is recognized as a disorder in the DSM-5,[7] not all transgender people experience gender dysphoria, and being transgender itself is not seen as a disorder.
Modern arguments
Biological differences in sports
Transphobia in the scientific community
Despite the general scientific consensus in favor of gender transition, much of the research on transgender individuals relies on a scientific account of the transgender experience which diverges significantly from the lived experience of transgender people.
References
- ↑ "Understanding transgender people, gender identity and gender expression". American Psychological Association. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sun, Simón(e) D. "Stop Using Phony Science to Justify Transphobia". Scientific American. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ↑ "Transgender people over four times more likely than cisgender people to be victims of violent crime". Williams Institute. UCLA School of Law. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ↑ "Tennessee lawmakers advance transgender 'bathroom bill'". NBC News. 14 March 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ↑ Ermyas, Timbete; Wakeam, Kira (18 March 2021). "Wave Of Bills To Block Trans Athletes Has No Basis In Science, Researcher Says". NPR. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ↑ "Ben Shapiro". GLAAD. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ↑ "DSM-5 Criteria for Gender Dysphoria". National Library of Medicine. National Institute of Health. 19 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
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