Second Battle of Laghman
| Second Battle of Laghman | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Stark contrasts in Afghanistan - 080907-F-0168M-071.jpg Present day Laghman | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| File:Old Ghaznavid Flag.pngGhaznavid Empire |
Hindu Shahis Supported by Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty Chahamanas Tomara dynasty Chandelas | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| File:Old Ghaznavid Flag.pngSabuktigin | Jayapala | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| ~~unknown~~ | 100,000 cavalry+ | ||||||
The Second Battle of Laghman was fought between the Ghaznavid forces under Sabuktigin and the Hindu Shahi under Jayapala near Laghman in 991 AD. It took place near Laghman, present day Afghanistan.
The Ghaznavids defeated the Hindu Shahis and emerged victorious in the battle. This battle laid the foundation for the Ghaznavids to establish their dominance over parts of present-day Afghanistan and northern India.
Background
Ghaznavids had defeated the Hindu Shahis at the first battle of Laghman in 988. The Hindu Shahi King Jayapala, who was forced to sign a treaty after the battle, returned to his capital Multan, and made preparations to avenge his defeat.[1][2]
The Battle
Jayapala orchestrated the formation of a confederacy comprising Hindu chiefs from the Tomara dynasty, Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, Chahamanas, and Chandelas. This alliance was aimed at preparing for a pivotal battle. Jayapala amassed a substantial force, which included 100,000 cavalry and an immense contingent of foot soldiers.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Sabuktigin divided his troops into squadrons of 500 men each, and directed them to attack the enemy on one particular point. After having high casualties, Hindus gave up but they were driven with dreadful slaughter beyond the Indus.[4][11][12]
The Hindoos, being mounted than cavalry of Subooktugeen(Sabuktigin), were unable to withstand them, and wearied out by the maneuvre just mentioned, began to give way. Subktigin perceiving their disorder, made a general assault: the Hindoos were every where defeated, and fled, and were pursued. with great slaughter, to the banks of the Neelab.-Firishta[12]
Sabuktigin left a governor in Peshawar with 10,000 troops. He annexed the region between Laghman and Peshawar to the empire.[12][4][13][14]
References
- ↑ Bose, Mainak Kumar (1988). Late Classical India. A. Mukherjee & Company. pp. 55–56. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 University Of Pittsburg Press U.s.a. (1961). Cultural History Of Kapisa And Gandhara. p. 47. Search this book on
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International. p. 342. ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0. Search this book on
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Martin, Robert Montgomery (1850). The British Colonies: Their History, Extent, Condition and Resources. London Printing and Publishing Company. Search this book on
- ↑ Majumdar, R. C. (2016-01-01). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0435-7. Search this book on
- ↑ Elphinstone, Mountstuart (2013-02-28). The History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 528. ISBN 978-1-108-05621-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-046-4. Search this book on
- ↑ Sandhu, Gurcharn Singh (2003). A Military History of Medieval India. Vision Books. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-7094-525-3. Search this book on
- ↑ Jan, Changez (2022-07-18). Forgotten Kings: The Story of the Hindu Sahi Dynasty. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-93-92099-01-4. Search this book on
- ↑ The History and Culture of the Indian People. G. Allen & Unwin. 1951. pp. 3–4. Search this book on
- ↑ Joglekar, Jaywant (2006-10-01). Decisive Battles India Lost (326 B. C. to 1803 A. D.). Lulu.com. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-84728-302-3. Search this book on
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 John Briggs M R A S (1829). History Of The Rise Of The Mahomedan Power In India. pp. 18–19. Search this book on
- ↑ Eraly, Abraham (2015-04-01). The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-658-8. Search this book on
- ↑ Tour of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, India 1905-1906. Thacker, Spink and Company. 1905. p. 55. Search this book on
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