Sheikhan massacre
| Sheikhan massacre | |
|---|---|
| Part of Persecution of Yazidis | |
| Location | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Date | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Target | Yazidis |
| Deaths | Thousands (exact number unknown) |
| Perpetrators | Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz, Bedir Khan Beg Botan |
| Motive | Anti-Yazidi sentiment |
The Sheikhan massacre was a coordinated attack in 1832 against the Yazidis of the Sheikhan region by Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz and Bedir Khan Beg of the Botan Emirate. Over 300 Yazidi villages were destroyed, thousands were killed, and more than 10,000 Yazidis were abducted and forcibly converted to Islam under threat of death.[1][2]
Background
By the early 19th century, Yazidis were already under significant pressure from regional Kurdish emirates. Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz, known for his repeated campaigns of repression, saw Yazidis as infidels and launched a series of attacks to suppress or forcibly convert them.[3]
In Yazidi oral history, the 1832 campaign is associated with Muhammad Pasha, referred to as "Kör Muhammad" (the Blind One), who led widespread violence across Yazidi areas.[4]
Massacre
In 1832, Muhammad Pasha and his forces attacked the town of Khatarah, and subsequently Sheikhan, killing many Yazidis.[1] Bedir Khan Beg of Bohtan supported the campaign.[5]
Over 300 Yazidi villages were destroyed. Around 10,000 Yazidis were captured and sent to Rawanduz, where they were given an ultimatum to convert to Islam or face execution. [6][2]
Many Yazidis who fled Sheikhan gathered on the mound of Kuyunjik, near Mosul, hoping to cross the Tigris River, but were caught and killed by Muhammad Pasha’s men.[7]
Aftermath
This campaign marked one of the largest acts of violence against the Yazidis in the 19th century and set the stage for continued persecution throughout the Ottoman period. The involvement of both Soran and Bohtan emirates reflected a growing alliance between regional Kurdish leaders against religious minorities.[9][10]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815630937. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NEBEZ, Jemal (2017-08-14). Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte (in Deutsch). epubli. ISBN 9783745011258. Search this book on
- ↑ Scham, Sandra (2021). An Archaeology of Persecuted Peoples: Religion and Hate in the Mountains of Asia. Routledge. Search this book on
- ↑ Rassbach, Benjamin. Landscapes of Resistance: Narratives Around Sacred Places in Sinjar (Iraq) and the Islamic State’s Genocide Against Yezidis. Search this book on
- ↑ Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161. Search this book on
- ↑ NEBEZ, Jemal (2017-08-14). Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte (in Deutsch). epubli. ISBN 9783745011258. Search this book on
- ↑ Layard, Austen Henry (1849). Niniveh and Its Remains. Murray. Search this book on
- ↑ Layard, Austen Henry (1849). Niniveh and Its Remains: With an Account of a Visit to the Chaldaean Christians of Kurdistan, and the Yezidis, Or Devil-Worshippers : and an Enquiry Into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians. Murray. Search this book on
- ↑ Steinvorth, Daniel (2016-12-22). "Jagd auf den Engel Pfau". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in Deutsch).
- ↑ Yücel, Aaron. Europa! Muss die Weltmacht Türkei ernst nehmen!: Pflichtlektüre (in Deutsch). Search this book on
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