Siege of Etawah (1770)
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| Siege of Etawah (1770) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Afghan-Maratha War and Maratha Invasion of Rohilkhand | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Maratha Empire |
 Kingdom of Rohilkhand | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Ramchandra Ganesh |
Kabir Khan  | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
The siege of Etawah was a conflict during the Afghan-Maratha War. Following the death of Najib-ud-daulah, a significant shift occurred in Maratha policy, as they were finally freed from the negative influence that had affected their leaders for the past seven months, except for Mahadji Sindhia. This change resulted in a series of remarkable successes for the Marathas in Northern India.
After Nana Saheb's death, Shinde and Holkar led Maratha forces in the north. Madhavrao sent an expedition led by Visaji Krishna Biniwale to collect overdue tribute from Rajputana and Jat country.[2] The Marathas defeated the Jats near Bharatpur and forced them to pay a large sum as punishment.[3] The Marathas then targeted the Afghan, Pathan, and Rohilla forces, with Najib-ud-Doulah seeking English protection. Madhavrao wanted to eliminate the Rohillas, but he died before further action could be taken.[4] The Marathas entered the Doab and drove out the Rohillas, who fled across the Ganges in fear.[5]
The fortress of Etawah, which had been occupied by the Rohila Pashtuns following the Battle of Panipat, was retaken by the Maratha army under the command of Ramchandra Ganesh in December.[6] The fort was being defended by Kabir Khan on behalf of Hafiz Rehmat Khan.[7] After a two-week siege, Kabir Khan surrendered as the resistance became futile.[8][9] The Peshwa's flag was then hoisted on the ramparts, and a Maratha garrison was put in place to maintain control over the fortress.[10] This victory allowed the Marathas to further consolidate their hold over the Doab region.[11][12]
The Marathas came up with a plan to convince Emperor Shah Alam to leave English protection and instead seek protection from the Marathas, who promised to restore him to his throne and defend him from foreign aggression.[13] The Emperor agreed, and Mahadaji's army escorted him back to his capital in 1771.[14][13] With the Emperor's support, the Marathas were now free to take revenge on the Rohillas. A large army led by Mahadaji Shinde invaded the territory of Najib-ud-Doulah's son, Zabitakhan, and plundered Rohilkhand. They also captured Zabitakhan's womenfolk and demanded a ransom of one and a half lakhs for their release.[15][13]
References[edit]
- ↑ Sardesai Govind Sakharam (1948). New History Of The Marathas Vol-ii 1707-1772 (1948). B. G. Dhawale, Bombay. p. 511. Search this book on
- ↑ Rise & Fall Of Maratha Empire ( RV Nadkarni). 1966. p. 242. Search this book on
- ↑ Naravane, M. S. (1999). The Rajputs of Rajputana: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan. APH Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 978-81-7648-118-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (2006). Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey. Asian Educational Services. p. 78. ISBN 978-81-206-1965-4. Search this book on
- ↑ Rise & Fall Of Maratha Empire ( RV Nadkarni). 1966. p. 243. Search this book on
- ↑ Ghosh, D. K. Ed (1978). A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9. pp. 161–162. Search this book on
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (1999). Medieval India: Mughal Empire, 1526-1748. Har-Anand Publications. p. 516. ISBN 978-81-241-0522-1. Search this book on
- ↑ Parkash, Ram; Sharma, Ram Prakash (1960). The Foreign Policy of Warren Hastings. Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute. Search this book on
- ↑ Banerjee, Anil Chandra (1968). Peshwa Madhav Rao I. A. Mukherjee. p. 164. Search this book on
- ↑ Rise & Fall Of Maratha Empire ( RV Nadkarni). 1966. p. 243. Search this book on
- ↑ Ghosh, D. K. Ed (1978). A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9. pp. 161–162. Search this book on
- ↑ Sagar, Poonam (1993). Maratha Policy Towards Northern India. Meenakshi Prakashan. p. 148. Search this book on
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Datta.kalikinkar (1965). Shah Alam Ii And The East India Company. p. 62. Search this book on
- ↑ Narayan, Jagadish (1976). A Study Of Eighteenth Century India Vol. 1. p. 41. Search this book on
- ↑ Rise & Fall Of Maratha Empire ( RV Nadkarni). 1966. p. 243. Search this book on
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