Siege of Stari Vitez
| Siege of Stari Vitez | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Croat-Bosniak War | |||||||
| File:Vitez street.jpg A street in Vitez | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
 Herzeg-Bosnia | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Unknown |
Tihomir Blaškić | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
 ARBiH |
| ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 172 Bosniaks killed, 5,000 expelled, 1,200 detained[1][2] | |||||||
the Siege of Starti Vitez, also known as the 16 April attack[3] in Bosnia, was an armed attack by the Croatian HVO on the town of Vitez on April 16th, 1993. Fighting continued until February 1994, where the Croatians were defeated.
Background
In the municipality of Vitez, as in many others, the rivalries between communities and the struggle for political power started in November 1990 with the election of the members of the Municipal Assembly. The Croatian Democratic Union party won most of the seats, followed by the SDA, made up mainly of Muslims.[4] Ivan Santic, a Bosnian-Croat, was elected President of the Assembly. The Municipal Council, an executive body, was chaired by a Muslim, Fuad Kaknjo.[5] Tensions increased in November 1991 with the formation of the HZHB, which marked the beginning of ethnic relations between the Bosniak and Croatian communities becoming worse with one another.[6] the HDZ's desire was to take progressive political and social control of the town and to initiate a policy of discrimination towards the town's Muslims, whereas an independent Muslim political organization was being set up in tandem.
In March 1992 the last meeting of the Vitez Municipal Assembly took place. A crisis committee was set up and chaired by Ivan Santic and made up of five Croats and five Muslims, to discuss the problem of refugees in Vitez.[7][8]In April 1992, Anto Valenta, the leader of the HDZ in Vitez, instructed SDA representatives to follow orders from the "Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna."[9]On May 20, 1992, an ABiH soldier was killed in front of the Vitez Hotel, while two others were captured and beaten.[10] On October 20, 1992, the first clashes between Croatian and Muslim forces took place in Ahmici. Muslim forces attempted to block the passage of Croatian troops coming from Busovaca. According to the Defense, these troops were heading to reinforce the Serbian front in Jajce.[11] However, the Muslims feared the Croatian forces were actually moving toward Novi Travnik,[12][13] where clashes between Croatian and Muslim forces had already erupted. On October 19, 1992, roadblocks were set up on the main road connecting Busovaca to Vitez and Travnik.
The battle and Siege
On Friday, April 16, 1993, at 05:30, Croatian forces launched simultaneous attacks on Vitez, Stari Vitez, Ahmici, Nadioci, Šantići, Pirici, Novaci, Putis, and Donja Večeriska.[14] General Blaškić reported 20 to 22 sites of simultaneous combat along the road connecting Travnik, Vitez, and Busovača. Bosniak areas of Vitez and Krušćica came under attack by Croat artillery, with the intensity increasing throughout the morning and including mortar fire of various calibers.
According to the professional military opinion of a British colonel, the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) was taken by surprise. Croatian Defence Council (HVO) soldiers, dressed in camouflage uniforms, entered the streets of Vitez, arresting Bosniaks and killing them in their apartments.[15] The shelling began at 5:30 a.m., with an anti-aircraft gun firing from a nearby factory. Grenades were thrown into houses, after which the residents and others were arrested and beaten. Several factors proved, beyond a doubt, that the 16 April attack was planned and organized.[16] The majority of Bosniak houses were burned. At least eight people were killed in the attack, and the village was destroyed by explosives and fire.
On April 18, 1993, a tanker carrying 500 kilograms of explosives detonated near the mosque in Stari Vitez, destroying the offices of the Bosnian War Presidency. The explosion killed at least six people and injured 50 others. The ICTY concluded that this act was an act of pure terrorism carried out by elements within the Croat forces, targeting the Bosniak population of Stari Vitez.[17][18]
Aftermath
Overall, this was one of the most bloody battles of the Croat-Bosniak war, and helped highlight the atrocities happening during the war. It was one of the first tactical victories in favor of the ARBiH, and set an example of the ethnic violence to come.
Notes
- ↑ "Vitez massacres in Central Bosnia claim lives of 172 Bosniaks". 15 January 2011.
- ↑ https://www.icty.org/x/cases/blaskic/tjug/en/bla-tj000303e-3.htm
- ↑ www.icty.org https://www.icty.org/x/cases/blaskic/tjug/en/bla-tj000303e-3.htm. Retrieved 2025-03-10. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Djidic (July 1997). PT of 25 July 1997. p. 1036. Search this book on
- ↑ Mujezinovic (August 1997). PT of 20 August 1997. pp. 1631–1633. Search this book on
- ↑ Djidic (July 1997). PT of 25 July 1997. pp. 1037–1038. Search this book on
- ↑ Djidic (July 1997). PT of 28 July 1997. pp. 1164–1165. Search this book on
- ↑ Mujezinovic (August 1997). PT of 20 August 1997. pp. 1637–1639. Search this book on
- ↑ Mujezinovic (August 1997). PT of 20 August 1997. pp. 1650–1652. Search this book on
- ↑ Mujezinovic (August 1997). PT of 20 August 1997. pp. 1642–1646. Search this book on
- ↑ Blaškic. PT. p. 21323. Search this book on
- ↑ Blaskic. PT. pp. 21339–21340. Search this book on
- ↑ Blaskic. PT. pp. 21318–21319. Search this book on
- ↑ "Vitez massacres in Central Bosnia claim lives of 172 Bosniaks". Genocide in Bosnia. 2011-01-15. Retrieved 2025-03-10.
- ↑ Grebo, Lamija (2023-04-14). "One Day, Two Massacres: Remembering Bosnia's Ahmici and Trusina Atrocities". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 2025-03-10.
- ↑ "ICTY Blaskic Verdict" (PDF). 29 July 2004. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
- ↑ Hoare, Marko. The Bosnian War: A History. pp. 132–150. Search this book on
- ↑ Scharf, Michael P. War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina. pp. 122–145. Search this book on
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See Also
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