Southtyroleans

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Southtyroleans

"Sidtiroula" in Southtyrolean Language
Total population
314.604 Bavarian speaking, 20.548 Ladin speaking (2011)
Regions with significant populations
Southtyrol
Languages
Southtyrolean (Bavarian)

Bavarian Language: Southtyrol in red "Südbairisch" Area

Southtyroleans (Austro-Bavarian: "Sidtiroula") designate two "Volksgruppen" (Ethnic Groups) native to the Land of Southtyrol (Autonome Provinz Bozen – Südtirol (see Südtirol#Namens-_und_Begriffsgeschichte)).

• 65% are of Bavarian Ethnicy (see Baiuvarii for more Information) and speak Southtyrolean Language, a Dialect of the Southern Bavarian Language ("Bairisch"). Commonly referred to as "Südtiroler".
• 4% are Ladins (of as yet unknown Ethnicy) who speak Ladin, a Raeto-Romance Language. Commonly referred to as "Ladiner" (see Ladin people for more Information), but both share a common history and culture and are not discriminated.

About 23 % of people who live in Southtyrol speak Italian. This Group of Immigrants was lured with economic subsidies and subsidised housing in the Italianisation Campaing of Fascist Italy after the Illegal Annexation in 1919. When asked the Southtyroleans dont consider themselves as neither Tyrolean, Austrian, German or Italian.

In several ASTAT studies (most recently in the "Language Barometer" 2014), people were asked what South Tyroleans feel like: 80.7 per cent feel like South Tyroleans, ten per cent as Italians, 9.2 per cent as Tyroleans and 2.2 per cent as Austrians.

History

See History of South Tyrol

Identity

A "Volksgruppe" (Group of Folks) is defined as:

"An ethnic group ethnic group [...] is an ethnic community characterised by features such as its own language, culture or tradition. It does not form a state of its own in its homeland or is domiciled outside the state of its nationality. (national minority)

FUEN (Federal Union of European Ethnic Groups), Vötter, Magdalena Katharina (2006). Kulturelle Selbstbehauptung (in Deutsch). Salzburg: Diplomarbeit der Universität Salzburg. p. 17. Search this book on

There are 3 "Volksgruppe" (Group of Peoples) in Southtyrol:

• Native Southtyrolean speaking People
• Native Ladins in Ladinia
• Immigrated Italians who were resettled to Southtyrol after 1919

Language

Contrary to popular belief, the Native "Volksgruppe" (which in this paragraph means the "Bavarian speaking South Tyroleans", not the other Native Group the Ladins) do not speak "Newhighgermam-Scriptlanguage" (Neuhochdeutsche Schriftsprache)) as their mother tongue, but Southtyrolean ("Sidtiroularisch"), a Dialect of the Southern Bavarian Language ("Bairisch").

As Foreign Languages learn English, Italian and Standard German in School.

"The difference between Bavarian and Standard High German (Standarddeutsch) is larger than the difference between Danish and Norwegian or between Czech and Slovak as such, there is disagreement regarding its classification."

Prof Dr. Robert Hinderling, Rowley (2011) http://www.fbsd.de/bairische-sprache-dialekte-mundarten

The International Organization for Standardization classifies it as a separate language, assigning it a unique ISO 639-3 language code (bar). It has been listed by UNESCO in the Atlas of Endangered Languages since 2009.

"We consider dialects from this continuum that are spoken in the Netherlands and Belgium to be dialects of Dutch, and dialects from the continuum spoken in Germany, Switzerland and Austria to be dialects of German—for entirely nonlinguistic reasons."

The Language Council of Norway, https://www.sprakradet.no/Vi-og-vart/Om-oss/English-and-other-languages/English/Norwegian_as_a_Normal_Language/

The Ladins, who historically or in their efforts for their language rights and politically feel very close to the Southtyorlean-speaking people.

There also exists a Dictionary of south tyrolean.

Germanic Languages:"Southtyrolese" in the most northern Province (in Violet)

How Southtyroleans identify themselves

When asked the Southtyroleans dont consider themselves as neither Tyrolean, Austrian, German or Italian.

The Germans (Federal Republic of Germany) get labelled as "die Deitschn" (the Germans), Austrians as "die Eschtreicha" (from the Name "Österreich") and Italians (Tourists and Immigrats living in Southtyrol) as "die Italiena or "die Walischn". (see Walhaz)

Genetics

South Tyrolean Isolated Populations Y-DNA (UEP), mtDNA, and 8 Alu Polymorphisms, Pichler, Mueller, Stefanov et al. 2006 (277 samples)
Y-DNA Puster Valley (n=35) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR) 34%, E* (xE3a) 9%, R1a* 6%, L 3%, Y* (xBR, A3b2) 3%
Y-DNA Eisack Valley (n=34) P* (xR1a) 46%, BR* (xDE, JR) 29%, R1a* 15%, E* (xE3a) 3%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 3%, E3a 3%
Y-DNA Badiot Valley (n=24) P* (xR1a) 58%, BR* (xDE, JR) 21%, R1a* 13%, L 8%
Y-DNA Lower Vinschgau (n=32) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR), R1a1 13%, E* (xE3a) 3%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 3%
Y-DNA Upper Vinschgau (n=32) P* (xR1a) 56%, BR* (xDE, JR) 31%, E* (xE3a) 9%, R1a1 3%
Y-DNA Stilfs (n=37) P* (xR1a) 35%, BR* (xDE, JR) 32%, E* (xE3a) 14%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 14%, R1a1 3%, E3a 3%
Y-DNA South Tyrol (n=194) P* (xR1a) 47%, BR* (xDE, JR) 31%, E* (xE3a) 7%, R1a* 5%, K* (xL, N3, O2b, P) 4%, R1a1 3%, L 2%, E3a 1%, Y* (xBR, A3b2) 1%

Notable Southtyroleans

• Ötzi
  

"Walther Parson from the Institute told APA, the Austrian Press Agency, that the same mutation might be found in the nearby Swiss region of Engadine and in Italy's South Tyrol region."

• Max Valier Founder of Verein für Raumschiffahrt
• Andreas Hofer
• Reinhold Messner
• Silvius Magnago
• Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer
• Manfred Mölgg
• Joseph Freinademetz
• Denise Karbon

Further reading

• Sprachidentität - Identität durch Sprache: untersucht anhand der Situation der deutschsprachigen Südtiroler (in Deutsch). Diplomarbeit der Universität Wien. December 2012. Search this book on
• Regionale und Nationale Identitäten (PDF) (in Deutsch). 2000. ISBN 3-933563-79-8. Search this book on
• Zur Sprachsituation in Südtirol (PDF). Matreier Gespräche - Schriftenreihe der Forschungsgemeinschaft Wilheminenberg (in Deutsch). 2006. Search this book on

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