Soviet Union (Military-industrial complex)
Soviet Union
The Red Army sought control over Soviet industry in the 1920s during Lenin's reign, but Stalin actively prevented the formation of a military-industrial complex that could have challenged his power.[1]:162 He used a divide and rule strategy to prevent collusion between military and industrial factions.[2]:3 Although Stalin needed a strong military to defend himself against external threats and used the Soviet military command to execute forced industrialization and the transition to a command economy, he also came to fear military and industrial leaders. The officials who proved to be too independent for his liking were purged. Heavy industry minister Sergo Ordzhonikidze was driven to suicide while prominent general Mikhail Tukhachevsky was killed. New economic and military leaders emerged during WWII who were then humiliated, imprisoned, or killed. Furthermore, Stalin structured incentives so that military and industrial actors gained more from rivalry and cheating one another than from cooperation.[3]:255-256
While the Soviet Union lacked a military-industrial complex, in the sense of a powerful vested interest, it was the most militarized large economy the world has seen and illustrates the dangers inherent in militarism.[4]:{{{1}}} A climate of secrecy and control, rigid centralized allocation of resources, economic isolation from the rest of the world, and unquestioning acceptance of Communist rule were all predicated on national security. The economic and societal costs were in many cases not tracked, or were withheld from civilians. Because these costs were hidden in the Soviet system, but exposed by the transition to a market economy, many Russians blame the new market economy of the Russian Federation for creating these costs in the first place.[4]:{{{1}}}[5]:{{{1}}}
References
- ↑
Harrison, Mark; Markevich, Andrei (2008). "Chapter 6: The Soviet Market for Weapons". In Harrison, Mark. Guns and Rubles: The Defense Industry in the Stalinist State. Yale University Press. pp. 156–179. ISBN 978-0-300-12524-5. Search this book on
- ↑
Harrison, Mark (2008). "Chapter 1: The Dictator and Defense". In Harrison, Mark. Guns and Rubles: The Defense Industry in the Stalinist State. Yale University Press. pp. 1–31. ISBN 978-0-300-12524-5. Search this book on
- ↑
Harrison, Mark (2008). "Afterword". In Harrison, Mark. Guns and Rubles: The Defense Industry in the Stalinist State. Yale University Press. pp. 255–260. ISBN 978-0-300-12524-5. Search this book on
- ↑ 4.0 4.1
Gaddy, Clifford (1996). The Price of the Past: Russia’s Struggle with the Legacy of a Militarized Economy. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0-8157-3016-0. Search this book on
- ↑
Almquist, Peter (1990). Red Forge: Soviet Military Industry Since 1965. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-07066-7. Search this book on
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