Soviet republic

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A soviet republic (from Russian: Советская республика - Sovetskaya respublika, German: Räterepublik, French: République des conseils, Dutch: Radenrepubliek, Ukrainian: Радянська республіка, Belarusian: Савецкая рэспубліка, etc) is a republic in which the government is formed of soviets (workers' councils) and politics are based on soviet democracy.

Although the term is usually associated with Soviet member-states, it was not initially used to represent the political organisation of the Soviet Union, but merely a form of democracy.

There were several revolutionary workers' movements in various areas of Europe which declared independence under the name of a soviet republic in the immediate aftermath of the First World War.

Examples[edit]

The first Soviet republics were short-lived communist revolutionary governments that were established in what had been the Russian Empire after the October Revolution and under its influence. These states included some such as the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic which won independence from Russia during the civil war period. Others such as the Ukrainian Soviet Republic and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia later became union republics of the Soviet Union and are now independent states. Still others such as the Kuban Soviet Republic and the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic were absorbed into other polities and no longer formally exist under those names.

In the turmoil following World War I, the Russian example inspired the formation of Soviet republics in other areas of Europe including Hungary, Bavaria, Slovakia and Bremen. Soviet republics, most notably the Chinese Soviet Republic (Jiangxi Soviet), later appeared in China during the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. Other than these cases, "soviet republic" typically refers to the administrative republics of the Soviet Union.

See also[edit]

• People's Republic
• Soviet (Council)
• Worker's Councils
• Direct democracy
• Parliamentary system
• Representative democracy
• Soviet democracy
• Presidential system
• Semi-presidential system
• Category:Early Soviet republics

References[edit]

1. ^
2. ^ Stephen A. Smith. "Towards a Global History of Communism." The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism. Stephen A. Smith, ed. Oxford University Press, 2014. p. 8. ISBN 9780191667510

The Soviet Union was made out of the combination of Russia, with other republics such as Belarus, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, and the Transcaucasian Federation, making the Soviet Union based on ethnicity. Being a highly centralized State, the decentralization only took place under Mikhail Gorbachev and his policy of Perestroika ("Restructuring") and Glasnost (“Openness") in 19991. The Soviet Republics, and their system of government, after the revolution, seemed democratic which totalitarian counterweights, with a change in the Soviet society and simultaneous evolution of the government and its responses. The Soviet Union was led to a socialist revolution in November of 1917 under Vladimir Lenin, and the first socialist state was established, loosely based on the Communist Manifesto by Engles, written a few centuries earlier. Lenin believed that socialism in one country could not survive without socialist revolutions in other countries. His successor, Stalin believed in the opposite. He believed that only when a successful Soviet State could be established, then they could assist other countries with the revolutions. Following the end of world war II, and the establishment of a bipolar world, the need for more communist States grew. The USA was following a policy of containment, while the Soviet Union was aiding those States that needed it and in which they saw a potential Communist State. Many countries, such as Cuba, and declared themselves to be a “Soviet republic” or just a Soviet satellite state. The Socialist revolutions took place in China, Vietnam, and Korea, and Vietnam and Korea had to fight wars for their establishment of communist States. Under Stalin, the government consisted of a one-party rule, headed by one man. Cult of personality was on the rise in the Soviet Union and there were frequent purges of the red army, high government officials, and other intellectuals. The style of government under Stalin shifted considerably and almost resembled a totalitarian State. Although there were major and glaring differences between fascism that existed in Germany and Socialism in Russia, like in Russia, eugenics was outlawed, there were still many similarities in the way the system of government ran, for example, “Red Fascism” melded the experiences of the two recently hostile states into a single political formulation. The republics that were a part of the Soviet Union were under the mercy of Soviet leaders. They made the laws and regulations for the republics. The Soviet State was only decentralized after Mikhail Gorbachev and only gained independence after the fall of the Soviet Union and the fall of communism.

The Soviet Republic (System of Government)

The Soviet Republic as their system of government, after the revolution seemed democratic which totalitarian counter weights, with a change in the Soviet society and simultaneous evolution of the government and its responses. The Soviet Union was led to a socialist revolution In November 1917, the first Soviet republic socialist State was established under Vladimir Lenin. loosely based on the Communist Manifesto by Engles, written a few centuries earlier. The Soviet Republic was only briefly put into effect under Lenin in Russia, as well as in Hungary, parts of Germany, Finland, and other areas. However, the Soviets lost much of their decision-making authority after Stalin came to power. Most people used to believe that a proletariat dictatorship could be established in the form of a so-called democratic republic, which would have to be established by the Constituent Assembly and administered by a parliament representing all social classes. A bourgeois democratic republic was based upon universal suffrage and upon the so-called 'will of the people', the 'will of the whole nation', the 'united will of all classes’. As Lenin once stated “the democratic republic, the Constituent Assembly, general elections, etc., are, in practice, the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, and for the emancipation of labor from the yoke of capital there is no other way but to replace this dictatorship with the dictatorship of the proletariat.” [source?]

Delegates from all over Russia were elected to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets at least twice a year. In theory, these delegates were elected directly by the people: one from each hundred and twenty-five thousand voters in the provinces, and one from each twenty-five thousand in the cities; in practise, however, they were normally selected by the provincial and urban Soviets. On the initiative of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee or at the request of Soviets representing one-third of Russia's working population, an extraordinary session of the Congress could have been called at any time. [source?] This body congress which consisted of was attended by about 2,000 delegates, met in the capital in the form of a great Soviet and agreed on the most critical aspects of national policy. It elected a Central Executive Committee, analogous to the Petrograd Soviet's Central Committee[, which accepted delegates from all democratic organizations' central committees. not sure what this means] [The Russian Republic's parliament was ? ]the augmented Central Executive Committee of the Russian Soviets. It had a population had approximately 350 members. It was the sole authority between All-Russian Congresses; it did not operate beyond the lines established by the previous Congress, and it was strictly accountable to the next Congress in all of its actions. [source?]

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