Stump (geology)
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Stumps are an example of an erosional coastal landform.[1]. A stump is formed from the eroded remains of a sea stack. A stump looks like a lump of rock jutting up from is surroundings[2]. Stumps are usually only exposed at low tide[3]. Landscapes formed from unconsolidated materials or softer / less resistant rock usually do not have stumps present on their landscape. This is because the rock is not competent enough to undergo the process involved in the cave-arch-stack-stump sequence[3]
Formation:[edit]
Stumps are formed in the last stage of the Cave-Arch-Stack-Stump sequence.[4]. In the first stage of this sequence weaknesses in the rock are eroded via abrasion[5]. Caves are formed when the abrasive process of erosion widens the crack enough to form a cave. If the cave found on a headland (a common feature of discordant coastlines) the cave may eventually extend far enough to reach the other side, forming an arch[5]. Erosive processes will continue to act on the newly formed arch which will slowly grow bigger. Ultimately, the arch will become to wide to support the top of the arch and collapse, resulting in the formation of a stack[5]. Erosion, continues to act on the stack until the structure is weakened sufficiently that causes its collapse; the remaining rock left after this collapse is known as the stump[5]
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References[edit]
- ↑ "Coastal Landforms: Definition, Types & Examples | StudySmarter". StudySmarter UK. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
- ↑ "Stump | The Geography Site". Retrieved 2023-04-01.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "4C Coastal Landscapes Produced by Erosion". A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY REVISION: EDEXCEL. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
- ↑ "Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - Coastal landscapes – WJEC - GCSE Geography Revision - WJEC". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - Coastal landforms - CCEA - GCSE Geography Revision - CCEA". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
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