Svetolik Ranković
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Svetolik Ranković (Serbian Cyrillic: Светолик Ранковић; Velika Moštanica, 7 December 1863 - Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 18 March 1899) was a Serbian novelist[1] and writer from the period of realism.[2] He is best remembered for "emphasizing a psychological reading of characters".[3]
Biography[edit]
His father Pavle was a teacher in Moštanica at the time of Svetolik's birth, and he became a priest after the family moved to Garaše, a village in the Kragujevac district, near Arandjelovac. Svetolik Ranković graduated from the lower grammar school and seminary in Belgrade in 1884, and then went to Kiev and graduated from the Theological Academy there. In Kiev, Ranković got acquainted with theological and philosophical sciences and the history of Russian and world literature, and the greatest influence on him was left by the works of Tolstoy, Gogol, Goncharov, Korolenko and other Russian writers.
While Ranković was on summer vacation in 1886, robbers attacked the family home and killed father Pavle, and tortured his mother and others.[4] Ranković managed to escape, and brought help under circumstances similar to those described in his work "The Mountain Emperor" when he talks about the robbery of the lord George.
Literary career[edit]
In 1892, he published the short story "Autumn Paintings" in the magazine Otađbina. He contracted tuberculosis in 1897. He was recovering in Garaši. The novel "The Mountain Emperor", written somewhat earlier in Niš, was published as the 38th book "Car" of the Serbian Literary Association. In 1898, he sought a cure from tuberculosis in the Bukovo monastery, where he wrote his second novel, "The Village Teacher". In the fall, he went to Herceg-Novi for treatment, where he completed his best short story "The Old Vruskavac" and began his third novel, "Destroyed Ideals". Matica Srpska awarded him a prize for the "Village Teacher", through the Ilija M. Kolarac Endowment.
After the death of his youngest son in 1899, he moved to Belgrade, where he died of tuberculosis at the age of 36.[5] Until then, he taught at the Belgrade Theological Seminary, better known as Saint Sava Seminary[6]
He was married to Bosa, with whom he had three children.[7]
Literary influences and role models[edit]
In earlier criticisms, the novelties brought by Ranković's prose were most often associated with the influence of Russian writers. After returning from the Kiev Theological Academy, Ranković himself wrote that "he knows the Russian language perfectly together with the history of Russian literature", and he also left translations of Tolstoy's Siege of Sevastopol in Delo, Korolenko's texts and some other writers. However, the critics of the time neglected the see the similarities of Ranković's prose with the achievements of Western European writers, such as Balzac and Flaubert, and with the domestic literary tradition.
Orientation to Russian role models was not only a feature of Ranković, but of the entire literary epoch to which he belonged. Its specificity is in changing one model of the model (Gogol, Turgenev, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin) to another (Tolstoy, Dostoevsky). The influence of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky is especially noticeable in Ranković's novels and refers, above all, to the choice of theme and hero, painting of inner life, humanistic attitude towards a man in a helpless position, the nature of minor characters as covert comments on certain heroic traits, composition. Along with the similarities, the critics wrote about the differences in relation to Russian patterns, which aspired to comprehensiveness, anthropological optimism, transformation of heroes through suffering, developed technique of describing psychological states, while Ranković has segmentation of the world, pessimism, lack of transformation (catharsis) and attempt to develop a stream of consciousness.
Later interpretations shed light on the influences of the domestic literary tradition. In Ranković's short stories, the influence of poetic realists (Vojislav Ilić) is evident, which is reflected in lyrically intoned autumn paintings, then the influence of Milovan Glišić (ghost stories in folklore style), Laza Lazarević (psychological short stories), Radoje Domanović (satirical attitude towards provincial society and village bureaucracy). The influence of Simo Matavulj's symbolist stories on Ranković's narrative work is also significant.
Legacy[edit]
The elementary school "Svetolik Ranković" in Arandjelovac was named after him.
Bibliography[edit]
- Gorski car (The Mountain Emperor),[8] Belgrade 1897;
- Seoska Učiteljica (A Village Teacher),[9] Belgrade 1898;
- Porušeni Ideali (Demolished Ideals),[10] Belgrade 1900;
- Slike Iz Zivota (Pictures from Life),[11] Belgrade 1904;
- Complete works I, II, III "Serbian writers", Belgrade, 1928;
- Collected works I, II, Belgrade 1952;
- The Kiev Notebook of Svetolik Ranković.[12]
References[edit]
- Translated and adapted from Serbian Wikipedia: https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B
- ↑ Tomić, Svetlana (2008). "The Contributions of Svetolik Ranković to the Structural Development of the Serbian Novel". Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies. 22 (1): 17–33. doi:10.1353/ser.2011.0021.
- ↑ Serbs in European Civilization. 1993. ISBN 9788675830153. Search this book on
- ↑ Culture and Customs of Serbia and Montenegro. Abc-Clio. 30 December 2008. ISBN 9780313344374. Search this book on
- ↑ History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries. Volume IV: Types and stereotypes. John Benjamins. 29 September 2010. ISBN 9789027287861. Search this book on
- ↑ Delo. A.M. Stanojević. 1899. Search this book on
- ↑ "Цариградски гласник", Цариград 1899. године
- ↑ Боса Ранковић, болничарка у Балканским и Првом светском рату („Вечерње новости“, 28. јул 2015)
- ↑ Gorski car: Roman. Štampano u Drž. Štampariji Kraljevine Srbije. 1897. Search this book on
- ↑ Ljubljanski zvon. Knjigarna Tiskovne Zadruge R.Z.Z.O.Z. 1902. Search this book on
- ↑ Monasticism in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics. Routledge. 27 August 2015. ISBN 9781317391050. Search this book on
- ↑ Slike Iz Zivota. 1908. Search this book on
- ↑ Bulletin scientifique. Le Conseil. 1976. Search this book on
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