Symbiont conversion

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Symbiont conversion is a term that refers to the transformation of normally parasitic organisms into a symbiotic relationship with a host. It is the theory that microorganisms and cells that are often considered parasites can be "educated" and converted into symbionts, partners that live together for mutual benefit. A symbiosis is a living community in which two different species are closely related to each other and at least one species derives an advantage from the relationship. By contrast, parasitism signifies a relationship in which one organism (the parasite) lives at the expense of another (the host) without benefiting the latter. Symbiont conversion is the idea that an organism normally considered a parasite can be converted into a symbiotic relationship with a host through certain processes. This contrasts with traditional approaches that focus on eliminating or destroying pathogens. The theory suggests that instead of solely employing methods like chemotherapy or antibiotics (which can harm healthy cells), we can reprogram these organisms to become beneficial to the host.

Theoretical basis: The symbiont conversion theory postulates that it is possible to influence parasites in such a way that they develop into symbionts and make a positive contribution to the host. This could be done, for example, by specifically modifying the genetic or physiological characteristics of the parasite or by creating an environment that favours the development of a symbiotic relationship.

Examples and applications: Although symbiont conversion is still a relatively new concept, there are already theoretical considerations and initial experimental approaches as to how this could be achieved. Possible applications could be in medicine, agriculture and environmental technology. For example, harmful bacteria could be converted into beneficial bacteria through symbiont conversion, which could be used to treat diseases or improve soil quality. In theory, symbiont conversion might also be a solution to antimicrobial resistance, as well as an alternative way to treat cancer. In essence, symbiont conversion theory offers a paradigm shift in how we approach disease treatment, suggesting that we can harness the power of symbiosis to create healthier interactions between organisms, rather than solely focusing on eradication.

Basically a literature survey shows that there are two different approaches towards the reprogramming of bacteria: On the one hand, bacteria can be reprogrammed by altering their genes, for example by using bacteriophages (viruses that target bacteria) or methods like CRISPR/Cas9. These approaches are usually conducted ex vivo. On the other hand, there is metabolic reprogramming: by adding certain substances to the bacteria, the behavior of the bacteria is modified. This can even be done in vivo. For true symbiont conversion, it seems an in vivo approach would be more desirable, as the objective is to “cure” living patients. However, this might perhaps be only possible by extracting bacteria from the human organism, modifying them ex vivo and then inserting them into the human organism again.

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