Tadjoura Sultanate
The sultanate of Tadjoura was a kingdom with capital in Tadjoura
Tadjoura Sultanate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15th century–1928 | |||||||||
 Flag | |||||||||
| Capital | Tadjoura | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic Afar | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Sultanate | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 15th century | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1928 | ||||||||
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Sultans
List of "sultans" (or dardars) of Tadjoura[1]. Starting in 1620, two branches descending from Mahámmad, through Burhan and Dîni, held the office alternately with that of "visir" (bonoïta). There are, however, breaks, as in 1680 (unless an incumbent is missing, which would be Mûsa b. Kâmil) or in 1770 (unless Nassâr b. Mahámmad is missing).
c.1450: 'Asa Kamil
c.1480: Sehem
c.1510: Hindiwan
c.1540: Hamad
c.1570: Hummad
c.1600: Mahamad
c.1620: Burhan b. Mahammad
c.1620: Dini b. Mahamad
c.1655: Kamil b. Burhan
c.1655: Hamad b. Dini
c.1680: Dini b. Hamad[2]
c.1705: Hamad b. Musa
1705: Mahammad b. Dini
c.1740: Mahammad b. Hamad
c.1770: Hamad b. Nassar
c.1770: Hummad b. Mahammad
c.1800-1820: Mandaytu b. Hamad
1821-1859: "Ad'Allom" Mahammad b. Hummad
1860-1862: Mahammad b. Mandayyou
1863-1879: Hummad b. Mahammad "Ad'Allom"
1880-1912: Hummad b. Mahammad b. Mandayyou
1913-1927: Mahammad b. Arbahim
1928-1962: Hummed b. Mahammad
1964-1984: Habib b. Hamad B. Hummad b. Mahammad b. Mandayyou
1985-2019: 'Abdulkâdir "'Abdo" b. Hummed b. Mahammad
2022: * Ali Habib Ahmed * alias dardar ali, son of the famous Sultan Habib Ahmed Houmed, recognized under the name of Qassa-Dardar. Enthroned as the 34th Sultan of Tadjoura on October 26, 2022. {Daoud Dabaleh.M}
History
The Sultanate of Tadjoura was officially founded in the 15th century, deriving its territory from the Sultanate of Zeila.[1]
In 1875 Egypt, which had gained sovereignty over the western shores of the Red Sea from the Ottoman Empire, launched an offensive against the states in the area which provoked a reaction from the local sultanates. The Egyptian army moved into Tadjoura, commanded by the Swiss explorer Werner Munzinger but, despite the resistance of the locals, the Egyptian troops managed to hold the garrison of the area.
To regain at least part of his independence, the Sultan of Tadjoura, Ahmed ben Mohamed, signed a protectorate agreement on September 21, 1884 with the governor of Obock, a French colonial territory. On November 17, 1884, the day after the departure of the Egyptian troops, the city was formally occupied by France. However, the French administration did not settle there until 1928.
On this date, Húmmed Mahámmad was placed under the authority of the colonial administration of the French Somali coast, thus retaining his title only in an honorary form. In 1977, when the state of Djibouti was established, the territory of Tadjoura passed to the new state. Even today the sultans succeed one another as purely honorary offices.[1].
References
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