Target Trail Emulation
A Target Trail Emulation or TTE Study is a study design for observational study[1]. This study design estimate the causal effect of interventions by imagine a randomized trail that could been done for this problem[1].
Target Trail Emulation is usually retrospective study utilizing exisiting rembursement data and otherdata base.[2] Starting from year 2020(According to PubMed Searching result access in 2026), there are more and more Target Trail Emulation articles[3].
Target Trail Emulation Design is used to uncover the risk of cerain treatment in the Clinical Epidemiology field[4][5].
Advantage
The Target Trail Emulation Design provide a structurel method for obersavational study that wish to emulate randomized controlled trail (RCT), which avoide bais such as immortal time bias, lead time bias, or selection bias[1].
The key idea of the Traget Trail Emulation is if all confounders are correctly measured and adjusted that there will be no difference between observational study and randomized control trail[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fu, Edouard L. (2023-05-03). "Target Trial Emulation to Improve Causal Inference from Observational Data: What, Why, and How?". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 34 (8): 1305–1314. doi:10.1681/ASN.0000000000000152. ISSN 1046-6673. PMC 10400102 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 37131279 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Hernán, Miguel A. (2021-10-06). "Methods of Public Health Research — Strengthening Causal Inference from Observational Data". New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (15): 1345–1348. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2113319. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 34596980 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ "target trail emulation - Search Results - PubMed". PubMed. Retrieved 2026-01-23.
- ↑ Fu, Edouard L.; Evans, Marie; Carrero, Juan-Jesus; Putter, Hein; Clase, Catherine M.; Caskey, Fergus J.; Szymczak, Maciej; Torino, Claudia; Chesnaye, Nicholas C.; Jager, Kitty J.; Wanner, Christoph; Dekker, Friedo W.; Diepen, Merel van (2021-11-29). "Timing of dialysis initiation to reduce mortality and cardiovascular events in advanced chronic kidney disease: nationwide cohort study". BMJ. 375: e066306. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-066306. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 8628190 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34844936 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Fu, Edouard L.; Evans, Marie; Clase, Catherine M.; Tomlinson, Laurie A.; van Diepen, Merel; Dekker, Friedo W.; Carrero, Juan J. (February 2021). "Stopping Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced CKD and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Nationwide Study". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 32 (2): 424–435. doi:10.1681/ASN.2020050682. ISSN 1046-6673. PMC 8054897 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33372009 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Dorn, H. F. (June 1953). "Philosophy of inferences from retrospective studies". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 43 (6 Pt 1): 677–683. doi:10.2105/ajph.43.6_pt_1.677. ISSN 0002-9572. PMC 1620309. PMID 13040587.
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