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The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory, also known as UWFIST, is a research paper on the application of the Universal Wavefunction[1] and the deeper understanding of the universe it entails, into String theory[2], authored by Dr. Zhi Gang Sha and Rulin Xiu[2]. This paper was first introduced at the 4th International EPJ Web Conference, held from the 23rd to the 30th of August, 2015.[3] The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory provides a new method to derive String theory and indicates that reality is a projection of the world-sheet hologram. [2][4][5]

It also provides possible explanations for the sources of Dark energy and Dark matter, and explanations as to why they are beyond current methods of detection.[2][6][7] Furthermore, UWFIST may also yield a correct prediction of the Cosmological Constant, proposing that the Cosmological Constant is of the order 10-121 in the unit of the Planck scale.[2][8][9] UWFIST also provides possible aid to understanding and deriving the energy source for inflation and the relative "flatness" of the observable universe.[2][10][11][12]

The Derived String Action

The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory derives the relationship of uncertainty between space-time.[2][13][14][15] This relationship of uncertainty indicates that space and time are quantized, and that there exists a non-commutation relationship between space and time.[2][16][17] When considered together, these relationships indicate a string action.[2][18][19] This string action will evolve the wave function, so it interacts with actual space-time.[2][20][21] The String Theory expressed in this action, along with its equation, is the Universal Wave Function Interpretation Of String Theory.[2]

The World-Sheet Hologram

The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory deviates from the traditional interpretation of String theory with the addition of the world-sheet hologram, which is the 2-dimensional surface proposed by the Holographic Principle.[2][22] In UWFIST, the string-action forms the proper space-time, which, in turn, forms the world-sheet.[2][23] The world sheet, proposed to be a hologram because it has Weyl Symmetry, with Weyl Invariance indicating that the world-sheet would remain the same regardless of any expansion or contraction.[2][24][25] This world-sheet hologram projects the observable universe in its entirety and contains all information about our universe.[2][3][4][5]

Dark Energy And Dark Matter

Dark Energy

The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory indicates the existence of both dark energy and dark matter.[2] UWFIST indicates Dark Energy to be extremely fine and dark vibrations, with wavelengths the length of the casual horizon, which is the distance a particle (at light-speed) could theoretically have traveled since the creation of the universe.[2][3][26] In order to detect these wavelengths, one would need a detector the size of the visible universe or a time equivalent to the age of the universe.[2][3][27][28]

Dark Matter

The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory indicates Dark Matter to be vibrations with extremely small masses, on the scale of h/(Tc2 ).[2][3][29][30] These small massive particles are too tiny to detect with humanity's current detectors.[2][3][29][30] Thus, UWFIST explains the existence of dark energy and dark matter, as well as explaining why they cannot be detected.[2][3]

The Energy Source For Inflation

The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory states that the total vacuum energy of the world sheet is equivalent to the total vacuum energy of the observable universe, and this provides a method to derive the vacuum energy density of the observable universe and the cosmological constant.[2][3][31][32][33] The derived lowest vacuum energy density is inversely proportional to the length of the casual horizon, and this indicates that vacuum energy is the source of inflation and the universe's continued expansion.[2][3][31][32][34]

Furthermore, it indicates that the universe's rate of expansion will slow down.[2][3][35][36][37] This equation suggests that the lowest vacuum energy density is equivalent to the critical energy density of 4-dimensional space-time.[2][3][38][39] This explains why the universe's energy density is very close to the critical energy density, and explains our universe's natural "flatness".[2][3][10][11]

Prediction Of The Cosmological Constant

The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory derives the equation of the Cosmological Constant from the calculated vacuum energy density, obtaining: Λc = 4π ρp tp 2 /tu 2 ~ 10-121 ρp.[2][3][38][40][41]

Reception

The Universal Wave Function Interpretation of String Theory, and the inflation scheme derived from it, received little attention from media at their release.[42]

References

  1. ↑ Barrett, Jeffrey Alan (2001). "The Theory of the Universal Wave Function". The Quantum Mechanics of Minds and Worlds. p. 56. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199247431.003.0003. ISBN 9780199247431. Search this book on
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 "The universal wave function interpretation of string theory" (PDF). doi:10.1051/ejconf/201612604055 (inactive 2018-06-02).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Zhi Gang, Sha; Xiu, Rulin (2016-11-01). "The universal wave function interpretation of string theory". EPJ Web of Conferences. 126: 04055. Bibcode:2016EPJWC.12604055Z. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201612604055.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "A THIN SHEET OF REALITY: THE UNIVERSE AS A HOLOGRAM". www.worldsciencefestival.com. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bekenstein, Jacob D. (2007). "Information in the Holographic Universe". Scientific American sp. 17 (1): 66–73. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0407-66sp.
  6. ↑ "Dark Energy: The Biggest Mystery in the Universe". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  7. ↑ Grothaus, Philipp; Fairbairn, Malcolm; Monroe, Jocelyn (2014-09-19). "Directional Dark Matter Detection Beyond the Neutrino Bound". Physical Review D. 90 (5). arXiv:1406.5047. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.055018. ISSN 1550-7998.
  8. ↑ "LAMBDA". www.astro.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  9. ↑ "The Planck Length". math.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Castelvecchi, Davide. "What Do You Mean, The Universe Is Flat? (Part I)". Scientific American Blog Network. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Castelvecchi, Davide. "What Do You Mean, the Universe Is Flat? Part II: In Which We Actually Answer the Question". Scientific American Blog Network. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  12. ↑ "Inflation in the Universe". cosmictimes.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  13. ↑ "uncertainty principle | Definition & Equation". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  14. ↑ "Space-time | physics". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  15. ↑ Oda, I (1997). "Space-time Uncertainty Principle from Breakdown of Topological Symmetry". Modern Physics Letters A. 13 (3): 203–210. arXiv:hep-th/9709005. doi:10.1142/S0217732398000255.
  16. ↑ "Is time quantized? In other words, is there a fundamental unit of time that could not be divided into a briefer unit?". Scientific American. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  17. ↑ Simplified, Learning. "Commutation relation between different components". www.kullabs.com. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  18. ↑ Tong, David (2009). "Lectures on String Theory". arXiv:0908.0333 [hep-th].
  19. ↑ "An Introduction to String Theory" (PDF). math.berkeley.edu. Spring 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  20. ↑ Aguirre, Anthony (2012-08-27). "The observable Universe and beyond". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  21. ↑ "Wave function | physics". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  22. ↑ "Sidebar: The Holographic Principle". Scientific American. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  23. ↑ "GP-B — Einstein's Spacetime". einstein.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  24. ↑ Jackiw, R. (July 2006). "Weyl Symmetry and the Liouville Theory". Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 148 (1): 941–947. arXiv:hep-th/0511065. doi:10.1007/s11232-006-0090-9. ISSN 0040-5779.
  25. ↑ Pérez-Nadal, Guillem (2017-07-01). "Anisotropic Weyl invariance". The European Physical Journal C. 77 (7). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5013-4. ISSN 1434-6044.
  26. ↑ "Big Bang". Wikipedia. 2018-01-26.
  27. ↑ "The age of the universe". symmetry magazine. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  28. ↑ Stierwalt, Everyday Einstein Sabrina. "How Old Is the Universe?". Scientific American. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Dark matter | CERN". home.cern. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Dark Matter and Dark Energy's Role in the Universe". 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Vacuum Energy, or Einstein's Blunder - Dark Energy - HETDEX". hetdex.org. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Gómez-Valent, Adrià (2017-10-05). "Vacuum energy in Quantum Field Theory and Cosmology". arXiv:1710.01978 [gr-qc].
  33. ↑ "Cosmological Constant". www.astro.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  34. ↑ Gómez-Valent, Adrià (2017-10-05). "Vacuum energy in Quantum Field Theory and Cosmology". arXiv:1710.01978 [gr-qc].
  35. ↑ Rothstein, Dave. "Is the universe expanding faster than the speed of light? (Intermediate) - Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer". curious.astro.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  36. ↑ Morrow, Ashley (2016-06-01). "Hubble Finds Universe Expanding Faster Than Expected". NASA. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  37. ↑ Overbye, Dennis (2017-02-20). "Cosmos Controversy: The Universe Is Expanding, but How Fast?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Critical Density | COSMOS". astronomy.swin.edu.au. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  39. ↑ Rowlands, Peter (2013). "A critical value for dark energy". arXiv:1306.4620 [physics.gen-ph].
  40. ↑ "WMAP- Cosmological Constant or Dark Energy". map.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  41. ↑ "HubbleSite - Dark Energy - Did Einstein Predict Dark Energy?". hubblesite.org. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  42. ↑ Zhi Gang, Sha; Xiu, Rulin (2016-11-01). "The universal wave function interpretation of string theory". EPJ Web of Conferences. 126: 04055. Bibcode:2016EPJWC.12604055Z. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201612604055.


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