Train.Red
| Private | |
| ISIN | 🆔 |
| Industry | Sports technology |
| Founded 📆 | |
| Founder 👔 | |
Area served 🗺️ | |
| Products 📟 | Wearable optical muscle oxygen sensors (FYER, PLUS) |
| Members | |
Number of employees | |
| 🌐 Website | [Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). ] |
| 📇 Address | |
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Train.Red is a Dutch sports technology company based in Elst, Netherlands, specializing in wearable optical muscle oxygenation sensors. The company develops non-invasive sensors utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure localized muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration dynamics in real time during physical exercise.[1]
History and Origins
Train.Red was established in the Netherlands as a commercial spin-off from Artinis Medical Systems B.V., a manufacturer of scientific and medical functional near-infrared spectroscopy ((f)NIRS) equipment.[2] The company was formed to adapt laboratory-grade optical sensing technology into portable, wearable hardware intended for athletic training, exercise physiologists, and sports performance monitoring.
Technology and Functionality
Train.Red sensors utilize multi-wavelength near-infrared light to measure relative changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin within targeted skeletal muscle tissue. Based on optical spectroscopic algorithms derived from the modified Beer-Lambert law, the system evaluates muscle oxygenation kinetics.[3]
Key operational features of the technology include:
- Real-time monitoring of localized muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2).
- Tracking total hemoglobin dynamics (tHb) to evaluate local microvascular blood volume changes.
- Classification of physiological states (oxygen delivery versus consumption balance) during incremental and interval exercise.
- Assessment of muscular re-oxygenation dynamics post-exertion.
Unlike systemic physiological metrics such as heart rate or systemic oxygen uptake (VO2), NIRS-based wearable sensors provide localized measurements directly within specific muscle groups, such as the vastus lateralis.[4]
Research and Applications
Train.Red sensors have been integrated as data collection equipment in peer-reviewed scientific literature across sports science, kinesiology, and human physiology. Scientific applications incorporating these sensors include:
- Evaluation of localized muscle oxygenation kinetics during concentric and eccentric isokinetic contractions.[5]
- Evaluation of localized muscle metabolic rates (mVO2) and post-exercise muscle recovery dynamics during neuromuscular stimulation protocols.[6]
References
- ↑ Mizuno, S. (2024). "Comparison of muscle oxygenation and total hemoglobin levels during isokinetic contractions". BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 16 (1): 42. PMC 11052892 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 38670234 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Colier, W. (2023). Assessing stability and accuracy of a novel commercial wearable near-infrared spectroscopy device. Proceedings of SPIE. 12375. pp. 123750A. doi:10.1117/12.2657434.
- ↑ Colier, W. (2023). Assessing stability and accuracy of a novel commercial wearable near-infrared spectroscopy device. Proceedings of SPIE. 12375. pp. 123750A. doi:10.1117/12.2657434.
- ↑ McCully, K. K. (2024). "Muscle Metabolism During Multiple Muscle Stimulation Using an Affordable Equipment". Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 9 (4): 224. PMC 11678476 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 39678120 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Mizuno, S. (2024). "Comparison of muscle oxygenation and total hemoglobin levels during isokinetic contractions". BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 16 (1): 42. PMC 11052892 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 38670234 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ McCully, K. K. (2024). "Muscle Metabolism During Multiple Muscle Stimulation Using an Affordable Equipment". Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 9 (4): 224. PMC 11678476 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 39678120 Check|pmid=value (help).
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