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Tskaltbila

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki




Tskaltbila
წყალთბილა
village
Skyline of Tskaltbila წყალთბილა
Location of Tskaltbila in Georgia
Tskaltbila
წყალთბილა (Georgia)
Coordinates: 41°35′0″N 42°52′22″E / 41.58333°N 42.87278°E / 41.58333; 42.87278
Fatal error: The format of the coordinate could not be determined. Parsing failed.


Country Georgia (country)
MkhareSamtskhe-Javakheti
Elevation
1,360 m (4,460 ft)
Population
(2016)
 • Total1,123
Time zoneUTC+4 (Georgian Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+5

Tskaltbila (Georgian: წყალთბილა) or Norshen (Armenian: Նորշեն) is an Armenian populated village in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia, 14 km south–west from the town of Akhaltsikhe, 1240–1360 m above sea level. The name Tskaltbila is connected with the hot mineral water which flows in the center of the village. The name itself is a Georgian word, which means “hot water”. The village is densely built, it stretches from south–east to north–west for 2 km in length, and the width is about 1 km. The districts of the village are Verin, Mijin, Nerqin, Rabath, Nakhrqash (Kazarma), Khachqar, and Norashen.

History

On May 15, 1830, the inhabitants of Norshen and Rabath villages of Tortum district of the Erzrum Province (Karin) started their way to Georgia led by Archbishop Karapet. On September 19, 1830, 33 clans, mostly from Norshen village, reached today’s Tskaltbila village and named their new habitation Norshen.[1] The leader of the migration of Norshenians was pastor Father Simon Dilanyan, who was one of the educated priests of the time and a famous clergyman. He was supported by Father Poghos Ter–Poghosyan and Father Hakob Qosyan. There is a number of fatal incidents in the history of the village. In summer 1918, the Turkish army headed by Beqir pasha moved to Akhaltsikhe region. Father Qerob Ter–Poghosyan and the head of the village Almas Mato (Martiros Almasyan) had hidden women and children of the village and kicked off negotiations, seeing that it was impossible to resist the Turkish army with the help of a volunteer squad. Mato was translating Father Qerob’s suggestions in Constantinople’s dialect. Beqir pasha was interested in prepared dishes and Mato’s fluent Turkish, so he asked about who he was. Mato modestly told that he had been living and cooking in a Turkish family, living on the Constantinople’s beach, almost 10 years. Pasha listened attentively and asked about the son’s name of the master of house. Then, after hearing his name, Beqir pasha ascertained that Mato was working exactly in their house. Pasha stood up, hugged and kissed Mato and commanded to move the army without harming Armenian villages. In such a way, Father Qerob and the head of the village Almas Mato played a significant role in saving the population of Tskaltbila and neighbouring villages from massacre.[2] Collective farming was formed in the village in 1931. Initially a few people became members of collective farming on a voluntary basis. However, the majority of people were involved in the group later on in 1935–1937. 328 villagers took part in the Second World War and 162 of them died.[3] The busiest period of development of the village started after the end of the war. The village was electrified in 1954-1957. Since the 1960s, villagers began migrant work abroad, mainly in Russia.

Population

The ancestors of today’s village habitants moved from the village Norshen and some families from village Rabath of Tortum district of the Erzrum Province (Karin) in 1830.[4] Meanwhile, two Turkish families lived there: Islamenq and Bilalienq. Their houses were in the district which is now called Islaments' mayla.

Clans

It is stated that in 1830 the following Norshenian clans inhabited in Tskaltbila: Abgarner, Ageenq, Albertenq, Adamenq, Ayvazner, Avtisner, Gogorner (Aghababenq, Anenq, Piloyenq, Karapetyans, Mkrtchyans), Darbnenq (Karoyenq), Eghzarenq, Yeroyenq, Khachoner, Kigoner, Ghurmikenq, Meksetner, Mosikenq, Mosoner, Mukulenq, Yorenq (Hovhannisyans, Aghajanyans, Saghoyans, Babajanyans, Kotoyenq), Nahapetenq, Naskhatner, Nikoyenq, Shirkhanenq, Pichoyenq, Poghosenq (Zhamkotsenq, Saharenq, Abelyans, Nazoyenq), Vardanenq, Terteranq, Ter-Poghosner, Ughuzenq, Portoyenq, Qosenq (Hakobyans), Voskanner, Ovanner Vahanyans, Gasparyans, Melqonyans, Oqonenq.[5][6]

Then the following clans moved from other places to Tskaltbila – Almasenq in 1830, Abrahamenq in 1860 from Kutaisi, Davtenq from Naokhrebi and Mikayelyans from Kars. There were also Aregakyans, who were saved from Genocide, but there are no descendants nowadays. Later other clans also settled in the village.

Population Statistics

year families male female total
1830[7] 34
1884[8] 675
1901[7] 105
1913[9] 167 458 1520
1914[10] 1445
1915[11] 1563
1916[12] 168 804 1604
2002[13] 713 834 1547

Church

The believers of the population of the village are mostly the followers of the Armenian Catholic Church. Tskaltbilians built a church with a soil roof in the place where Gogorners’ old house was located, in 1834 with the direct initiative of Father Simon Dilanyan, Father Poghos Ter-Poghosyan and Father Hakob Qosyan to meet their needs of belief.[14] Today’s Jesus Savior stone-built church of Tskaltbila was built in 1881–1886; this testimony is protocoled on the southern entrance. The church is located in the central part of the village on a high position. It has a wide praying room, two sacristies, southern and western entrances, a dome-bell tower and is surrounded by a stone fence. The church was closed and turned down into a club in 1838 and later on into storage. The villagers rebelled and demanded the authorities to reopen the church in 1978. During the Stalin regime, two priests from Tskaltbila, Father Qerob Ter-Poghosyan (1875-1938) and Father Bagrat Ter-Simonyan (1875-1938) were arrested on the 25th of December and died in 1938. Afterwards the church was opened and renewed. Church holidays Norshenians amongst the all church holidays specifically celebrate Christmas and Epiphany, Barekendan (Barkendik), Easter and Assumption of Virgin Mary.

Historical monuments Norshen is rich with different historical monuments, including churches and sanctuaries, old cemeteries, etc. The following churches, chapels and cross-stones were maintained nearby the village: Yuska, Qarin Glokh, Jaral, and Jaghisman. A cross-stone with evenly ordered edges of the 5th century was found in the central cemetery of the village near the destroyed church. The monument dedicated to the victims of the Genocide and the villagers who died in World War II was built in Norshen-Tskaltbila in 1985-1990.

Education

In the village, there was a parish college adjunct to the church before the times of the Soviet Union. The first school was founded in 1836, where 12 young people studied. The first state primary school of the village was built in 1921–1922 on the basis of the Georgian government’s decision on the area allocated by Sargis Qosyan from his property.[15] In 1976- 1977 the three-floor model school was built, which was intended for 850 pupils. According to the data provided in 2017, 107 pupils are currently studying in the public school of Tskaltbila with a teaching staff of 26 teachers.[16] The old building of the school was renewed and passed to the kindergarten of the village. Now it has 49 children, from which 34 are from Tskaltbila, and 12 people work there.[17]

Economy

The climatic conditions of Tskaltbila gave a great chance for the development of cattle-breeding and agriculture. The main products were potato, wheat, meat, dairy produce, linseed-oil, honey, etc. There were two olive oil producing machines and 7 mills in the village till 1955. In 1956 an electric mill was built next to the bath-house. As its productivity was high, the activity of most of the mills was stopped. In the western part of the village there was “Alchi stone mine”. Alabaster is formulated as a result of processing another stone and is used in construction. The ready-made raw material is then transported to different parts of Georgia.

Healthcare

In 1914 the rural hospital which was located in the building of the parish school of Tskaltbila was moved to a new building built on the means of the public for that purpose. The new hospital and pharmacy were set to exploit in 1937 (1938). In 1976 the hospital became intervillage and functioned till 1999.

Culture

People from the village soon created art clubs, which had a particular role in the cultural life of the village. Those clubs soon came up with various concerts and performances. Quite surprisingly, in 1930s the performances of “Anush”, “Namus”, “Khatabala”, etc were shown. The musical and dance band of the Culture House of Tskaltbila was awarded with a winning prize ample of times. The dance studio continues working nowadays as well by presenting various nations’ dances including Armenian and Georgian. Norshenians proudly perform dances brought from Erzrum, like “Het u Araj”, “Fnjan” (Pnjan), “Astvatsatsna Par”, “Erzrumi Shoror”, etc.

References

  1. ↑ Notes of Grigor Shirkhanyan made on the basis of Almasyan Martiros’ stories, see Դարբինյան Վ., Նորշեն-Ծղալթբիլա, Երևան, 2003, p. 57. (Arm).
  2. ↑ Շիրխանյան Գ., Նորշենի պատմություններ, Երևան, 2017, p. 50-51 (Arm).
  3. ↑ Հակոբյան Հ., Ախալցխա. Էրզրումյան գաղթից մինչև մեր օրերը, Երևան, 2002, pp. 118-122. (Arm)
  4. ↑ Karapetyan, Samvel. Ախալցխա  (Սամցխե Ջավախք) (Akhaltskha (Samtskhe Javakhk), Yerevan: Research on Armenian Architecture, 2008, pp. 212
  5. ↑ Դարբինյան Վ., Նորշեն-Ծղալթբիլա, Երևան, 2003, p. 106 (Arm).
  6. ↑ Հակոբյան Պ., Ախլցխան XII-XIX դարերում, Երևան, 2016, p. 130-131 (Arm).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Քօսեան Հ., Բարձր Հայք: Կարին քաղաքը, հ. Ա, p. 83 (Arm).
  8. ↑ «Արձականք», 1885, №26, p. 368 (Arm).
  9. ↑ ՀԱԴ, ֆ. 316, ց. 1, գ. 26, թ. 9. (the list includes the population of Jughla) (Arm).
  10. ↑ ՀԱԴ, ֆ 196, ց. 1, գ. 64, թ. 7; «Кавказский календарь на 1915 г.», p. 203. (Rus)
  11. ↑ Օրացոյց եւ պատկեր տօնից, Թիֆլիզ, 1915, p. 78 (Arm).
  12. ↑ ՀԱԴ, ֆ 316, ց. 1, գ. 65, թ. 30-31 (Arm).
  13. ↑ საქართველოს მოსახლეობის 2002 წლის პირველი ეროვნული საყოველთაო აღწერის ძირითადი შედეგები, ტომი II (Geo).
  14. ↑ Հակոբյան Հ., Ախալցխա. Էրզրումյան գաղթից մինչև մեր օրերը, Երևան, 2002, p. 106 (Arm).
  15. ↑ Դարբինյան Վ., Նորշեն-Ծղալթբիլա, Երևան, 2003, p. 117 (Arm).
  16. ↑ By the year 2017: Video on YouTube
  17. ↑ By the year 2017: Video on YouTube


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