Ultracold atomic mixtures
Ultracold atomic mixtures are dilute gases of different atomic species or isotopes cooled to temperatures near to absolute zero.[1]
The common experimental realizations of such mixtures admix only two components, and are denoted as Fermi-Fermi, Bose-Fermi, Bose-Bose quantum mixtures to remark the quantum statistics of the composing species.
Fermi-Fermi mixtures, thanks to the tunable interspecies zero-range attraction, allow observing the BCS-BEC crossover[jargon] from a regime of weakly bound atomic pairs to a Bose-Einstein condensate of dimers.
History
The field of ultracold atoms flourished after the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases in 1995.[2][3] These experiments trapped and cooled specific hyperfine states of alkali-metal atoms. A few years later, experiments by various experimental groups could confine systems composed by two different hyperfine atomic states,[4] or two different atomic species.[5] When these atomic mixtures are cooled down to the regimes of quantum degeneracy, their quantum statistical properties become important, and it is therefore possible to realize two-component mixtures of either Bose gases (Bose-Bose mixtures), Fermi gases (Fermi-Fermi mixtures) or Bose-Fermi mixtures.[1]
The rich diagram of equilibrium phases of these mixtures has been explored thanks to the tunability of interspecies interactions via Feshbach resonances,[6] and also of intraspecies interactions (in Bose-Bose and Bose-Fermi mixtures). For instance, the tuning of interspecies interactions allowed to study the BCS-BEC crossover[jargon] in Fermi-Fermi mixtures.[7] In Bose-Bose mixtures, the mean-field stability diagram comprises either stable or collapsed phases. In 2015, D. S. Petrov predicted the possibility of observing self-bound droplets in the unstable mean-field regime, thanks to the stabilization mechanism provided by the condensates' quantum fluctuations.[8] These droplet states were successively observed in Bose-Bose potassium-39 mixtures.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Baroni, C., Lamporesi, G., & Zaccanti, M. (2024). Quantum mixtures of ultracold gases of neutral atoms. Nature Reviews Physics, published 6 November 2024. doi:10.1038/s42254-024-00699-4
- ↑ Anderson, M. H., Ensher, J. R., Matthews, M. R., Wieman, C. E., & Cornell, E. A. (1995). Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor. Science, 269(5221), 198–201. doi:10.1126/science.269.5221.198
- ↑ Davis, K. B., Mewes, M.-O., Andrews, M. R., van Druten, N. J., Durfee, D. S., Kurn, D. M., & Ketterle, W. (1995). Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms. Physical Review Letters, 75(22), 3969. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3969
- ↑ Myatt, C. J., Burt, E. A., Ghrist, R. W., Cornell, E. A., & Wieman, C. E. (1997). Production of Two Overlapping Bose-Einstein Condensates by Sympathetic Cooling. Physical Review Letters, 78(4), 586–589. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.586
- ↑ Modugno, G., Ferrari, G., Roati, G., Brecha, R. J., Simoni, A., & Inguscio, M. (2001). Bose-Einstein Condensation of Potassium Atoms by Sympathetic Cooling. Science, 294(5545), 1320–1322. doi:10.1126/science.1066687
- ↑ Chin, C., et al. (2010). Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases. Rev. Mod. Phys., 82(2), 1225.
- ↑ Bloch, I., Dalibard, J., & Zwerger, W. (2008). Many-body physics with ultracold gases. Rev. Mod. Phys., 80(3), 885.
- ↑ Petrov, D. S. (2015). Quantum mechanical stabilization of a collapsing Bose–Bose mixture. Physical Review Letters, 115(15), 155302. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.155302
- ↑ Cabrera, C. R., Tanzi, L., Sanz, J., Naylor, B., Thomas, P., Cheiney, P., & Tarruell, L. (2018). Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates. Science, 359(6373), 301–304. doi:10.1126/science.aao5686
This article "Ultracold atomic mixtures" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Ultracold atomic mixtures. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
