Uma Khan the Great
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| Uma Khan the Great | |
|---|---|
| Avar Nutsal | |
 | |
| Nutsal of the Avar Nutsaldom | |
| Reign | 1774–1801 |
| Predecessor | Muhamad-nutsal IV |
| Successor | Gebek Khan I |
| Born | 1761 Khunzakh |
| Died | 1761 (aged -41–-40) Balaken, South Avar region, now Azerbaijan |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | 1st wife: Gikhili - Kumyk princess 2nd wife: Histaman Kaytagskaya 3rd wife: Darejan Abashidze - daughter of the Prince of Imereti Evgen Abashidze, owner of the Vakhani fortress |
| Issue | By 2nd wife: daughter Bahu-bike By 3rd wife: daughter Yahsi-Patimat |
| House | House of the Avar Nutsaldom |
| Father | Muhamad-nutsal IV |
| Mother | Bakhu |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Uma Khan (Omar Khan[lower-alpha 1][1]) Avar nicknamed Great[2][3][4] or Mad[5][6][7] (1761 or 1762, Khunzakh - March 22, 1801, Balaken) — Avar Nutsal[lower-alpha 2][8], ruler of Avar Khanate from 1774 to 1801[9]
Uma Khan became the head of the Avar Khanate at the age of 12 or 13. He succeeded his father on the throne Muhammad-nutsal IV[10], who was treacherously killed by Akushintsy during negotiations with Fatali Khan Kuban[11][12]
Under Uma Khan, the Avar Khanate expanded its borders both by subordinating the Avar free societies[lower-alpha 3][13], and at the expense of neighboring territories[14][15]
Uma Khan was paid tribute by the Georgian king Erekle II, Derbent, Quba, Baku, Shirvan, Shaki khans and Akhaltsikhe pasha[16][17]
Military campaigns[edit]
Umma Khan became famous primarily for his numerous military campaigns in the Transcaucasian countries[18]. According to Alexander Neverovsky, the Dagestani highlanders “were never so terrible, in general for the entire Transcaucasia, as in the second half of the 18th century, and especially when they had Omar Khan of Avar as their leader”[16].
Family[edit]
Umma Khan had three wives:[3]
- Gikhili[19]
- Khistaman[20]— Nutsalai of the Avar Khanate in the future[21]
- Daredzhan Abashidze
Notes[edit]
- ↑ In Russian sources, also known as Omar Khan
- ↑ Nutsal — title of kings of the Avar Khanate
- ↑ Free societies are associations of rural communities of a semi-patriarchal-semi-feudal type in Dagestan that retained independence from feudal lords
References[edit]
- ↑ Alikhanov-Avarsky, Maksud (2005). В горах Дагестана: путевые впечатления и рассказы горцев [In the mountains of Dagestan: travel impressions and stories of mountaineers] (in русский). Makhachkala: Epoch. Comp. R. N. Ivanov. p. 413. ISBN 5-98390-002-1. Search this book on
- ↑ Khapizov, Shakhban (2013). Ума-нуцал (Умахан) Великий: очерк истории Аварского нуцальства второй половины XVIII в. [Uma-nutsal (Umakhan) the Great (a sketch of the history of Avar natsalstvo of the second half of the XVIII century) [Uma-nutsal (Umakhan) Velikiy (ocherk istorii Avarskogo nutsal'stva vtoroy poloviny XVIII v.)]] (in русский). Makhachkala: Media-Po-lis. Patimat Takhnaeva. p. 216. ISBN 978-5-4242-0152-3. Search this book on
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [Aliev B.G. General R.F.Rosen’s work “Description of Chechnya and Dagestan” https://caucasushistory.ru/2618-6772/article/view/19/19] / Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2017
- ↑ H. Genichutlinsky (1992). Историко-биографические и исторические очерки [Historical, biographical and historical essays] (in русский) (Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences ed.). Makhachkala. Translated from Arabic by Aitberov. Search this book on
- ↑ Ataev B. M. Avars: language, history, writing. - Makhachkala, 2005, pp. 192-193
- ↑ Gadzhieva, Madelena (2012). Аварцы. История, культура, традиции [Avars. History, culture, traditions] (in русский). Makhachkala: Epoch. p. 14. ISBN 978-5-98390-105-6. Search this book on
- ↑ Omarova, Gulnara (2015). Некоторые аспекты политики Аварских ханов в отношении России (XVIII — нач. XIX в.) [Some aspects of avar khans policy by Russia (XVIII - beg. XIX).] (in русский). Makhachkala: Historical and Social Educational Ideas. p. 79. Search this book on
- ↑ Bronevsky, S. M. (1996). Краткий словарь малоизвестных слов [Concise Glossary of Lesser-Known Words]. Историческия выписки о сношениях России с Персиею, Грузиею и вообще с горскими народами, в Кавказе обитающими, со времен Ивана Васильевича доныне [Historical extracts about Russia's relations with Persia, Georgia and in general with the mountain peoples living in the Caucasus, from the time of Ivan Vasilyevich to the present day] (in русский). St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie. ISBN 5-85803-025-4. Search this book on
- ↑ R. M. Magomedov, A. M. Magomedov (1996). Chronology of the history of Dagestan (Institute of Oriental Studies RAS ed.). Makhachkala: Эпоха. ISBN 978-5-98390-111-7. Search this book on
- ↑ Aliev, B.G. (2006). Традиционные институты управления и власти Дагестана XVIII — первая половина XIX в.. [Traditional institutions management and authorities of Dagestan in the XVIII — the first half of the XIX century.] (in русский). Makhachkala: Institute of IAE DSC RAS. p. 378. Search this book on
- ↑ Bakikhanov, Abbas-Kuli-aga (1991). Гюлистан-и Ирам [Gulistan-i Iram] (in русский) (Translated from Persian by Z. M. Buniyatov ed.). Baku: Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR. p. 161. ISBN 5-8066-0236-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Hajinsky, Iskender-bek (1947). Жизнь Фет-Али-хана Кубинского [Life of Fet Ali Khan of Cuba] (in русский) (48 ed.). Tbilisi. Search this book on
- ↑ "Вольные общества Дагестана". Great Soviet Encyclopedia. М.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Search this book on
- ↑ Dadaev Y. U. (2005). Государство Шамиля: социально-экономическое положение, политико-правовая и военно-административная система управления [State of Shamil: socio-economic situation, political-legal and military-administrative system of government] (in русский). Makhachkala: Ikhlas. p. 21. Search this book on
- ↑ Ataev B. M. (2006). Avars: language, history, writing (Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences ed.). Makhachkala. ISBN 5-94434-055-X. Search this book on
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Alexander Neverovsky (2006) [1848]. Краткий исторический взгляд на северный и средний Дагестан до уничтожения влияния лезгинов на Закавказье [A brief historical look at the northern and middle Dagestan before the destruction of the influence of the Lezgins in the Transcaucasus] (in русский) (Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences ed.). Saint Petersburg: Typography of military educational institutions. p. 44. ISBN 978-5-518-06845-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Kostenetsky, Yakov (1851). Записки об Аварской экспедиции на Кавказе 1837 года [Notes on the Avar expedition in the Caucasus in 1837] (in русский) (Book on Demand ed.). Saint Petersburg: Printing house E. Pratz. p. 122. ISBN 978-5-518-08193-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Nagdaliev, F. (2006). Ханы Нахичеванские в Российской Империи [Khans of Nakhichevan in the Russian Empire] (in русский). Moscow: Новый аргумент. p. 430. ISBN 5-903224-01-6. Search this book on
- ↑ Ataev B. B. (2004). Князь-князей Мехтибек Тарковский: исторический роман [Prince-princes Mehtibek Tarkovsky: a historical novel] (in русский). Makhachkala: Эпоха. p. 282. Search this book on
- ↑ Источниковедение средневекового Дагестана: сборник статей [Source Studies of Medieval Dagestan: Collection of Articles] (in русский) (Дагестанский филиал АН СССР, Институт истории, языка и литературы им. Г. Цадасы ed.). Makhachkala. Сост. Г.М.Оразаев. 1986. Search this book on
- ↑ Н.Ф.Яковлев (1927). Дагестанский сборник. 3. Makhachkala: Дагестанское государственное издательство. Search this book on
References[edit]
- Abdullaev, G. B. (1958). Из истории Северо-Восточного Азербайджана в 60-80-х гг. XVIII в.. [From the history of North-East Azerbaijan in the 60-80s. 18th century] (in русский). Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. p. 209. Search this book on
- Aitberov, Timur (1986). Материалы по хронологии и генеалогии правителей Аварии [Materials on the chronology and genealogy of the rulers of Avaria] (in русский). Makhachkala: Source study of medieval Dagestan. p. 159. Search this book on
- Chrysanth (1958). Сведения об Аварском ханстве [Information about the Avar Khanate] (in русский) (History, geography and ethnography of Dagestan XVIII-XIX centuries. ed.). Makhachkala: Oriental literature RAS. Search this book on
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