Umayyad Mosque of Mosul

Umayyad Mosque of Mosul
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Religion
Affiliation	Sunni Islam
Status	demolished; (new mosque built on the site)
Location
Location	Mosul, Iraq
Architecture
Architectural type	Mosque
Architectural style	Islamic
Date established	circa 641 CE
Demolished	1810; (al-Masfi Mosque built on same site)

The Umayyad Mosque (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), also known as al-Atiq Mosque (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.),^[1] was a large historic mosque in Mosul, Iraq, originally established in the 7th century. The mosque was demolished in 1810, after which the present-day al-Masfi Mosque (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) was built on part of the site. The latter is also still known as the "Umayyad Mosque".^[2]^[3]

History

Mosul was founded by early Arab Muslim conquerors circa 637^[4] or 640–1 CE.^[5] According to medieval Arabic sources, Arfajah al-Bariki, who was placed in charge of the conquering Muslim force by Caliph Umar,^[6] established the town as a miṣr (military encampment) and built a congregational mosque within it.^[6]^[7]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist., [289]} The town was further developped under the Umayyad caliph Marwan II (r. 744–750), to whom some sources also attributed the mosque's foundation.^[6]

The mosque was restored and enlarged multiple times until it occupied a large area, possibly measuring 110 metres (360 ft) from east to west.^[7]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist., [289]} One major restoration was commissioned by Sayf al-Din Ghazi in 1148, at which time several madrasas and other religious establishments were added around it.^[7]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist., [299]} After the foundation of a new congregational mosque, the al-Nuri Mosque, later that same century, the old "Umayyad Mosque" declined in importance and became neglected, though an important cemetery developped near it.^[7]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist., [292]}

The Umayyad Mosque, in poor condition, was eventually demolished in 1810.^[7]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist., [289]} The only piece of the building that is thought to have been preserved is a decorated mihrab inside the al-Nuri Mosque which was likely transferred to that buildng around the time of demolition.^[8]^[9]^[7]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist., [101]} On the site of the former Umayyad Mosque, the smaller present-day al-Masfi Mosque was subsequently built,^[7]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist., [289]} founded by Muhammad Muṣaffi al-Dhahab (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.).^[10]^[11] The mosque had a minaret known as the al-Kawāzīn minaret.^[4]

The al-Masfi Mosque was heavily damaged during the 2017 battle to expel ISIS from Mosul. The building was subsequently restored by Aliph, an international organisation dedicated to heritage conservation. It began hosting prayers again in 2021 and it was officially reopened in March 2024.^[2]^[3]

Al-Masfi Mosque (after 2024 restoration)
Exterior of the present-day al-Masfi Mosque, which stands on the site of the former Umayyad Mosque
Interior of the al-Masfi Mosque

References

↑ Al-Mosuli, Sulaiman Saigh (1923). History of Mosul (in العربية). ktab INC. Search this book on
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Aldroubi, Mina; Mahmoud, Sinan (7 March 2024). "Al Masfi: Mosul's oldest mosque reopens nearly a decade after ISIS occupation". The National. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Restoration of Al Masfi Mosque in Mosul". Aliph Foundation. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Yusuf, Sharif (2020). المدخل التاريخي لتاريخ العمارة العربية وتطورها (in العربية). Al Manhal. p. 38. ISBN 9796500428611. Search this book on
↑ Nováček, Karel (2021). "Mosul architecture". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658. Search this book on
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Honigmann, E.; Bosworth, C.E.; Sluglett, P. (1991). "al-Mawṣil". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Pellat, Ch. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 899–902. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3. Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help)
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 Nováček, Karel; Melčák, Miroslav; Beránek, Ondřej; Starková, Lenka (2021). Mosul after Islamic State: The Quest for Lost Architectural Heritage. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-62636-5. Search this book on
↑ Tabbaa, Yasser (1994). "The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part 2, the Public Text". Ars Orientalis. 24: 134. ISSN 0571-1371.
↑ Tabbaa, Yasser (2011). The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival. University of Washington Press. pp. 181 (see note 38). ISBN 978-0-295-80393-7. Search this book on
↑ Francis, Bashir Youssef. موسوعة المدن والمواقع في العراق - الجزء الأول [Encyclopedia of cities and sites in Iraq (Volume 1)] (in العربية). E-Kutub Ltd. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-78058-262-7. Search this book on
↑ Siouffi, Nicolas (1956). مجموع الكتابات المحررة في ابنية مدينة الموصل (in العربية). Maṭbaʻat Shafīq. Search this book on

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[1] Al-Mosuli, Sulaiman Saigh (1923). History of Mosul (in العربية). ktab INC. Search this book on

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Aldroubi, Mina; Mahmoud, Sinan (7 March 2024). "Al Masfi: Mosul's oldest mosque reopens nearly a decade after ISIS occupation". The National. Retrieved 2025-10-11.

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Restoration of Al Masfi Mosque in Mosul". Aliph Foundation. Retrieved 2025-10-11.

[:3-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Yusuf, Sharif (2020). المدخل التاريخي لتاريخ العمارة العربية وتطورها (in العربية). Al Manhal. p. 38. ISBN 9796500428611. Search this book on

[:0522-5] Nováček, Karel (2021). "Mosul architecture". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658. Search this book on

[:0523-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Honigmann, E.; Bosworth, C.E.; Sluglett, P. (1991). "al-Mawṣil". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Pellat, Ch. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 899–902. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3. Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help)

[:0-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 Nováček, Karel; Melčák, Miroslav; Beránek, Ondřej; Starková, Lenka (2021). Mosul after Islamic State: The Quest for Lost Architectural Heritage. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-62636-5. Search this book on

[8] Tabbaa, Yasser (1994). "The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part 2, the Public Text". Ars Orientalis. 24: 134. ISSN 0571-1371.

[9] Tabbaa, Yasser (2011). The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival. University of Washington Press. pp. 181 (see note 38). ISBN 978-0-295-80393-7. Search this book on

[10] Francis, Bashir Youssef. موسوعة المدن والمواقع في العراق - الجزء الأول [Encyclopedia of cities and sites in Iraq (Volume 1)] (in العربية). E-Kutub Ltd. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-78058-262-7. Search this book on

[11] Siouffi, Nicolas (1956). مجموع الكتابات المحررة في ابنية مدينة الموصل (in العربية). Maṭbaʻat Shafīq. Search this book on

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Umayyad Mosque of Mosul
Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 446: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Religion
Affiliation	Sunni Islam
Status	demolished (new mosque built on the site)
Location
Location	Mosul, Iraq
Architecture
Architectural type	Mosque
Architectural style	Islamic
Date established	circa 641 CE
Demolished	1810 (al-Masfi Mosque built on same site)