Uraz Muhammed
| Uraz-Muhammad | |
|---|---|
| Khan of Kassimov | |
| Reign | 1608–1610 |
| Predecessor | Sain-Bulat |
| Successor | Arslan Ali |
| Born | unknown |
| Died | 1610 Kaluga, Tsardom of Russia |
| Dynasty | Kazan |
| Religion | Islam |
Uraz-Muhammad (Russian: Ураз-Мухаммед; died 1610) was a Tatar nobleman, political hostage and later Khan of Kassimov during the Time of Troubles in Russia. Initially a prisoner of the Tsardom of Russia under Boris Godunov, he became involved in the factional struggles surrounding the pretenders known as the False Dmitrys, ultimately being executed on suspicion of treason.
Early life and capture
Uraz-Muhammad was born into the Tatar aristocracy associated with the former Kazan Khanate, though his precise lineage and birth date are unknown. He was captured in the late 16th century during Muscovite military campaigns in the Volga region and transported to Moscow as a high-status political hostage intended to secure Tatar loyalty to the Russian state.[1]
While in Moscow he was converted into a dependent client of the Russian court, receiving lands and a courtly role under Godunov’s rule, a common strategy of co-opting conquered Tatar elites.
Appointment as Khan of Kassimov
In 1608, during the chaos of the Time of Troubles, Uraz-Muhammad was installed as Khan of Kassimov, a semi-autonomous title traditionally granted to Tatar princes loyal to the Russian rulers.[2] His authority was limited and supervised by Russian officials, reflecting Moscow’s dominance over Tatar successor states.
Relations with False Dmitry II
Uraz-Muhammad became entangled with the forces of False Dmitry II, who sought support among disaffected nobles, Tatars and foreign mercenaries. Although his precise allegiance remains debated, chroniclers report that he wavered between the pretender’s camp and the boyar faction in Moscow seeking a controlled resolution to the political crisis.[3]
Death
In 1610, Uraz-Muhammad was arrested and executed by agents of the boyar leadership in Moscow on suspicion of conspiring with the pretender’s forces or plotting an independent power move.[4][5] The event was described by Conrad Bussow:
After an unsuccessful attempt to take Moscow in the summer of 1610, the impostor retreated to Kaluga and began to prepare for a new campaign. But the son of Uraz-Muhammad informed False Dmitry that his father was going to finish off the impostor. And False Dmitry decided to get ahead of the Kasimov king. While hunting for Oka, he attacked and killed the unsuspecting Uraz-Muhammad. The body was thrown into the water. To hide the murder, False Dmitry galloped to his retinue, shouting that the khan intended to kill him, but he, False Dmitry —, miraculously escaped
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References
- ↑ Dunning 2001, pp. 82–83.
- ↑ Perrie 2006, p. 110.
- ↑ Dunning 2001, pp. 243–244.
- ↑ Perrie 2006, p. 110.
- ↑ https://www.antat.ru/ru/ite/publishing/novye-izdaniya/56284167.pdf [bare URL PDF]
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