Valeria Gazzola
Valeria Gazzola
Valeria Gazzola (born c. 1977)[1] is an Italian neuroscientist, associate professor at the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Amsterdam(UvA) and member of the Young Academy of Europe[2][3]. She is also a tenured department head at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN) in Amsterdam, where she leads her own research group and the Social Brain Lab together with neuroscientist Christian Keysers. She is a pioneer in the neural basis of empathy and embodied cognition: Her research focuses on how the brain makes individuals sensitive to the actions and emotions of others and how this affects decision-making.
Early life and education
Gazzola was raised in (..place, country..). (..Something about parents..?..) She completed her Bachelor of Science with a major in (..major..) at the University of Parma in Italy, from (..year..) to (..year..). Interested in science, she started studying physics, but realized after one year that she was even more interested in biology[4]. She continued at the University of Parma for her Master of Science degree, which she obtained cum laude with the maximum possible grade in 2003. Her experimental thesis in the Rizzolatti Laboratory, under the supervision of Vittorio Gallese and Christian Keysers, entitled “The role of the somatosensory cortices during the observation of the tactile stimulation of others” contributed to a publication in Neuron[5].
Career and research
In early work, financed through a VENI grant[6] from The Dutch Research Council (NWO), Gazzola combined many techniques to establish for the first time that somatosensory cortices, known to process tactile and proprioceptive information in the self, actually also play a necessary role in processing the actions and sensations of others[7]. Specifically, using neuroimaging, she established that somatosensory regions are activated while witnessing the actions[8] and sensations of others[9]. She then used neuromodulatory tools to establish that these somatosensory cortices are necessary for the perception of the actions[10] and pain[11]. She then looked at incarcerated psychopathic criminals to show that people with increased antisocial behavior showed reduced activations in these regions while witnessing the pain of others[9], but could show that if asked to empathize, their activity normalizes, leading her to propose a mechanism that explains how the ability to empathize differs from the propensity to do so[12].
In later work, financed by an Innovational Research Incentives Scheme (VIDI) grant[13][14] from the NWO, Gazzola addressed how these systems influence behavior. She used electroencephalography (EEG) to show that activity in somatosensory cortices can predict how much a person will do to help others, and used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to show that altering that activity alters how much they do for others[11]. She then also developed an animal model of helping, and showed that cingulate activity, involved in an animal’s own pain as well as activated by the pain of others[15], is necessary for the animal’s sensitivity to the pain of others and influences the animals willingness to help others[16]. In parallel, she also brought our understanding of how we perceive the actions of others to a new level by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), TMS and cerebellar patients to show how somatosensory, premotor and cerebellar regions work together to transform the kinematics of observed actions into a perception of effort[17][18][10].
In her current work, financed by an European Research Council (ERC) grant, Gazzola investigates the question of whether and how, the insula and cingulate contribute to our decisions to help others if doing so is costly. For this project, she co-founded the Centre for Ultrasound Brain imaging (CUBE) together with groups from the Erasmus Medical Center and Delft University of Technology funded by NWO[19].
The Gazzola lab is financed by prestigious personal grants, including the NWO's VENI[6] and VIDI[13][14], the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, the European Research Council Start Up Grant, the European Commission’s Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions, and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología of Mexico[20][21]. Gazzola published papers in top-ranked journals, such as Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Neuron, PNAS and TICS, that have received many citations[21] and she received international recognition through her election to the Young Academy of Europe[2][3].
Fellowships, awards and honors
- Member of the Young Academy of Europe[2][3] (2016)
- VIDI[13][14] + ASPASIA[22] grant by NWO (2015-2020)
- NARSAD young investigation award[23] (2014-2016)
- NWO open access publication grant [1] (2012)
- Best presentation award, Alpine Brain Imaging Meeting (ABIM), Switzerland[1] (2011)
- VENI grant by the NWO[6] (2010-2014)
- Van Swinderen Prize of the Koninklijk Natuurkundig Genootschap (KNG) for her PhD thesis[24] (2008)
- Best PhD Thesis Award, University Medical Center Groningen, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences[25] (2008)
- Travel award, Organization for Human Brain Mapping Conference[1](2008)
- Dutch Top Science publication, Dutch Endo-Neuro-Psycho meeting[1] (2007)
- Travel award, Organization for Human Brain Mapping Conference[1] (2006)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 https://herseninstituut.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/cv_gazzola4_6p.pdf
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Valeria Gazzola elected as member for the Young Academy of Europe". Nederlands Herseninstituut. 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Gazzola". Young Academy of Europe. 2016-12-18. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ "University of Groningen, Action in the Brain, Valeria Gazzola" (PDF). Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Keysers, Christian; Wicker, Bruno; Gazzola, Valeria; Anton, Jean-Luc; Fogassi, Leonardo; Gallese, Vittorio (April 2004). "A Touching Sight". Neuron. 42 (2): 335–346. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00156-4. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 15091347. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Investigating causality within the Mirror Neuron System using a combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging | NWO". www.nwo.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 2021-06-05.
- ↑ Keysers, Christian; Kaas, Jon H.; Gazzola, Valeria (June 2010). "Somatosensation in social perception". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 11 (6): 417–428. doi:10.1038/nrn2833. ISSN 1471-0048. PMID 20445542. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Gazzola, V.; Keysers, C. (2009-06-01). "The Observation and Execution of Actions Share Motor and Somatosensory Voxels in all Tested Subjects: Single-Subject Analyses of Unsmoothed fMRI Data". Cerebral Cortex. 19 (6): 1239–1255. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn181. ISSN 1047-3211. PMC 2677653. PMID 19020203.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Meffert, Harma; Gazzola, Valeria; den Boer, Johan A.; Bartels, Arnold A. J.; Keysers, Christian (August 2013). "Reduced spontaneous but relatively normal deliberate vicarious representations in psychopathy". Brain. 136 (8): 2550–2562. doi:10.1093/brain/awt190. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 3722356. PMID 23884812.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Valchev, Nikola; Tidoni, Emmanuele; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.; Gazzola, Valeria; Avenanti, Alessio (May 2017). "Primary somatosensory cortex necessary for the perception of weight from other people's action: A continuous theta-burst TMS experiment". NeuroImage. 152: 195–206. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.075. PMC 5440175. PMID 28254507.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 V., Gallo, Selene Paracampo, Riccardo Muller-Pinzler, L. Severo, Mario Carlo Blömer, Laila Fernandes-Henriques, Carolina Henschel, Anna Lammes, Balint Kalista Maskaljunas, Tatjana Suttrup, J. Avenanti, Alessio Keysers, Christian Gazzola (2018). "The causal role of the somatosensory cortex in prosocial behaviour". eLife. 7. doi:10.7554/eLife.32740. OCLC 1038719949. PMC 5973831. PMID 29735015.
- ↑ Keysers, Christian; Gazzola, Valeria (April 2014). "Dissociating the ability and propensity for empathy". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 18 (4): 163–166. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.011. PMC 4560165. PMID 24484764.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Investigating causality within the Mirror Neuron System using a combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging | NWO". www.nwo.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 2021-06-05.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Amsterdam, Universiteit van (2015-05-18). "Vidi grant for twenty UvA and AMC-UvA researchers". University of Amsterdam. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ Carrillo, Maria; Han, Yinging; Migliorati, Filippo; Liu, Ming; Gazzola, Valeria; Keysers, Christian (April 2019). "Emotional Mirror Neurons in the Rat's Anterior Cingulate Cortex". Current Biology. 29 (8): 1301–1312.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.024. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 6488290. PMID 30982647.
- ↑ Hernandez-Lallement, Julen; Attah, Augustine Triumph; Soyman, Efe; Pinhal, Cindy M.; Gazzola, Valeria; Keysers, Christian (March 2020). "Harm to Others Acts as a Negative Reinforcer in Rats". Current Biology. 30 (6): 949–961.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.017. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 32142701 Check
|pmid=value (help). Unknown parameter|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Abdelgabar, Abdel R; Suttrup, Judith; Broersen, Robin; Bhandari, Ritu; Picard, Samuel; Keysers, Christian; De Zeeuw, Chris I; Gazzola, Valeria (2019-11-21). "Action perception recruits the cerebellum and is impaired in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia". Brain. 142 (12): 3791–3805. doi:10.1093/brain/awz337. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 7409410 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31747689. - ↑ Valchev, Nikola; Gazzola, Valeria; Avenanti, Alessio; Keysers, Christian (2016-03-15). "Primary somatosensory contribution to action observation brain activity—combining fMRI and cTBS". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 11 (8): 1205–1217. doi:10.1093/scan/nsw029. ISSN 1749-5024. PMC 4967793. PMID 26979966.
- ↑ "CUBE – Understanding the Brain with Ultrasound". Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ "Gazzola Group - Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience". Nederlands Herseninstituut. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Consortium Members". Prompted Rationality. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ "jaarverslag jaarverslag PDF Gratis download". docplayer.nl. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ "Brain & Behavior Research Foundation Annual Report 2014" (PDF). Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Koninklijk Natuurkundig Genootschap te Groningen - PDF Gratis download". docplayer.nl. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ "BCN Awards & Hall of Fame". University of Groningen. 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
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