Westernization of Oceanic societies through cinematography
The Westernization of Oceanic societies through cinematography is the influence of Western culture on the Oceanic societies of the Pacific Islands, primarily via the medium of film. The impact can be seen across a variety of dimensions, including societal norms, cultural expression, language, and global awareness.
Overview[edit]
The Pacific Islands are home to a rich tapestry of cultures and languages, collectively known as oceanic societies. These societies have cherished and preserved their unique cultural traditions and perspectives for centuries. Nevertheless, with the rise of global mass media and the widespread availability of cinema, these societies have faced a growing exposure to Western influences.[1][2]
The process of Westernization through cinematography has been both direct and indirect. Direct influence is visible in movies made by Western filmmakers about Oceanic societies, while the indirect influence comes from the general exposure to Western lifestyle and perspectives portrayed in Western cinema.[3]
Historical context[edit]
During the late 19th and early 20th century, Oceanic societies had their initial exposure to cinematography through the efforts of Western explorers and ethnographers. These pioneers documented the lives of these societies on film, but their portrayals often reflected a Western perspective that focused on the perceived "exotic" and "primitive" aspects of Oceanic cultures.[4][5]
In the mid-20th century, Hollywood produced several films set in the Pacific Islands, often romanticizing the culture and landscape while reinforcing stereotypes. Films such as South Pacific (1958) and Blue Hawaii (1961) had a significant influence on how Oceanic societies were perceived by the outside world and also how they perceived themselves.[6]
Modern developments[edit]
In recent years, there has been a shift in the narrative with a growing number of films made by and for Oceanic societies. These films, such as The Orator (2011) and Vai (2019), offer a more authentic representation of Oceanic cultures.[7][8]
Some Western productions, such as Disney's Moana (2016), have made efforts to portray Oceanic cultures in a more respectful and authentic manner, often involving cultural consultants during the production process. This has sparked a broader discussion on cultural representation in cinema.[9]
References[edit]
- ↑ Wood, Houston (2003). "Cultural Studies for Oceania". The Contemporary Pacific. 15 (2): 340–374. doi:10.1353/cp.2003.0062. ISSN 1527-9464. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Azizian, Rouben; Carleton, Cramer (2015). Regionalism,Security & Cooperation in Oceania. Search this book on
- ↑ Rodd, Adrien (2021-01-04). "Oceania in the Face of Great Power Rivalries". Outre-Terre. N° 58-59 (1): 303–326. doi:10.3917/oute2.058.0304. ISSN 1636-3671. Archived from the original on 2023-06-26. Retrieved 2023-06-26. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Australia and Oceania: Human Geography". education.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-06-26. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Neuhaus, Juliane (2023-02-22). "Anthropological Knowledge Production in Oceania: And How to Decolonise Anthropology in (Swiss) Academia". Swiss Journal of Sociocultural Anthropology. 28. doi:10.36950/sjsca.2022.28.8267. ISSN 2813-5237. Archived from the original on 2023-06-26. Retrieved 2023-06-26. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Ross, Lucas Nelson (2009). The Impact of Westernization on Tongan Cultural Values Related to Business (in français). Search this book on
- ↑ Wesley-Smith, Terence (2007). "Self-determination in Oceania". Race & Class. 48 (3): 29–46. doi:10.1177/0306396807073854. ISSN 0306-3968. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-06-26. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Condevaux, Aurélie; Roux, Géraldine Le; Schuft, Laura (2016-12-31). "The body and its image: reinventing cultural performances in Oceania in an era of globalization". Journal de la société des océanistes (142–143). doi:10.4000/jso.7593. ISSN 0300-953X. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-06-26. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Kampanelis, Sotiris (2018). "It's time for Westernization: the advantages of the early start for long-term economic development at the local level". Oxford Economic Papers. 71 (4): 996–1025. doi:10.1093/oep/gpy064. Archived from the original on 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-06-26. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)
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