Woodland Angelica
| Wild angelica | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Missing taxonomy template (fix): | Angelica |
| Species: | Template:Taxonomy/AngelicaA. sylvestris
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| Binomial name | |
| Template:Taxonomy/AngelicaAngelica sylvestris | |
Holy Ghost or Wild angelica (Angelica sylvestris) is a species of flowering plant, native to Europe and central Asia. An annual or short-lived perennial growing to a maximum of 2.5 m (8.2 ft), it has erect purplish stems and rounded umbels of minuscule white or pale pink flowers in late summer.[2][3]
Habitat and ecology
The Latin specific epithet sylvestris means "growing in woodland",[4] but it tolerates a range of conditions, including fields, hedgerows, open woods, marshes, and fens. It grows in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils.
It has recently been determined to be an invasive weed in New Brunswick and Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada. "According to the New Brunswick Invasive Species Council, unless this species is controlled, woodland angelica could spread throughout Canada, overwhelming other vegetation."[5][2] The flowers are visited by a wide array of insects, are thus characterised by a generalised pollination system.[6]
Adult wasps of Dolichovespula norwegica are known to feed off the nectar provided by A. sylvestris.[7]
Cultivation and uses
A. sylvestris is cultivated in gardens. The cultivar 'Ebony', with pink flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8]
The vegetable was eaten until the 20th century. The plant can be stored. The stem was eaten fresh, and the leaves could be boiled to a stew for storage or cooked with milk. The plant has also been used for dyeing.[citation needed]
Gallery
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Entire plant -
Lower leaf -
Leaf sheath on stem -
Flowering umbel -
Flowers -
Developing fruits (seeds)
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Woodland Angelica. |
- ↑ Lansdown, R.V. (2014). "Angelica sylvestris". 2014: e.T19620785A19621071. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19620785A19621071.en.
|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Woodland Angelica - Angelica sylvestris". nbisc.ca. New Brunswick Invasive Species Council. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2011. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. UK: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 9781405332965. Search this book on
- ↑ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. UK: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315. Search this book on
- ↑ "Invasive species going wild in the Saint John River Valley". natureconservancy.ca. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2011. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; et al. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
- ↑ "Dolichovespula norwegica". commanster.eu. Ecology of Commanster. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Angelica sylvestris 'Ebony'". rhs.org.uk. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
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