Zeila and Lughaya
Zeila and Lughaya
| |
|---|---|
| 2011–2017 | |
|
Flag | |
Anthem: Qolobaa Calankeed | |
| Location of Salel region | |
| Capital and largest city | Zeila 10°48′N 43°10′E / 10.800°N 43.167°E ⧼validator-fatal-error⧽ |
| Official languages | |
| Government | |
• | Saleebaan xasan xadi |
| History | |
• Nominated as region | 2011 |
• United with Somaliland | 2017 |
| Area | |
• Total | 8,639 km2 (3,336 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2015 estimate | 25,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| Calling code | +252 (Somaliland) |
| Today part of |  Somaliland |
Zeila and Lughaya, is a region in west of Somaliland. The region has a total area of 8,639 km2. Its main city is Zeila, which is situated on the coast. Lughaya, Asha Addo, Harirad, Jidhi and Lawyacado are the other principal cities in the region. Most residents of the region belong to the Gadabuursi and Issa subclans of the Dir clan family.[1][2][3]
Overview[edit]
The region is part of Somaliland, a self-declared republic not internationally recognized by the international community.
History[edit]
Land of Punt[edit]
Together with Somaliland, Eritrea and the Red Sea coast of Sudan, Djibouti is considered the most likely location of the land known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt (or "Ta Netjeru", meaning "God's Land"), whose first mention dates to the 25th century BC.[4] The Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Ancient Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. They "traded not only in their own produce of incense, ebony and short-horned cattle, but also in goods from other neighbouring regions, including gold, ivory and animal skins."[5] According to the temple reliefs at Deir el-Bahari, the Land of Punt was ruled at that time by King Parahu and Queen Ati.[6]
Ifat Sultanate[edit]
The Ifat Sultanate was a medieval kingdom in the Horn of Africa. Founded in 1285 by the Walashma dynasty, it was centered in Zeila.[7][8] Ifat established bases in northern Somalia, and from there expanded southward to the Ahmar Mountains. Its Sultan Umar Walashma (or his son Ali, according to another source) is recorded as having conquered the Sultanate of Shewa in 1285. Taddesse Tamrat explains Sultan Umar's military expedition as an effort to consolidate the Muslim territories in the Horn, in much the same way as Emperor Yekuno Amlak was attempting to unite the Christian territories in the highlands during the same period. These two states inevitably came into conflict over Shewa and territories further south. A lengthy war ensued, but the Muslim sultanates of the time were not strongly unified. Ifat was finally defeated by Emperor Amda Seyon I of Ethiopia in 1332, and withdrew from Shewa.
Adal Sultanate[edit]
Islam was introduced to the area early on from the Arabian peninsula, shortly after the hijra. In the late 800s, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Horn seaboard.[9] He also mentioned that the Adal kingdom had its capital in Zeila, a port city in the northwestern Awdal region abutting Djibouti.[9][10] This suggests that the Adal Sultanate with Zeila as its headquarters dates back to at least the 9th or 10th centuries. According to I.M. Lewis, the polity was governed by local dynasties consisting of Somalized Arabs or Arabized Somalis, who also ruled over the similarly established Sultanate of Mogadishu in the Benadir region to the south. Adal's history from this founding period forth would be characterized by a succession of battles with neighbouring Abyssinia.[10] At its height, the Adal kingdom controlled large parts of modern-day Djibouti, Somalia, Eritrea and Ethiopia.
British Somaliland[edit]
In 1888, after signing successive treaties with the then ruling Somali Sultans such as Mohamoud Ali Shire of the Warsangali Sultanate, the British established a protectorate in the region referred to as British Somaliland.[7] The British garrisoned the protectorate from Aden and administered it from their British India colony until 1898. British Somaliland was then administered by the Foreign Office until 1905 and afterwards by the Colonial Office.
Somali Civil War[edit]
By the late 1980s, the highly corrupt and tribalistic government of siyad Barre collapsed. Many Somalis had become disillusioned with life under military dictatorship. The government became increasingly totalitarian, and resistance movements, encouraged by Ethiopia, sprang up across the country, eventually leading to the Somali Civil War and Barre's ouster.
Towns[edit]
| Town names | Population |
|---|---|
| Zeila district | 105,000 |
| Lawyacado area | 3,600 |
| Lughaya district | 75,000 |
| Ceel Gaal area | 1,645 |
| Abdol Ghadar area | 2,780 |
| Xariirad district | 57,000 |
| Asha Addo area | 1,874 |
| Jidhi area | 785 |
References[edit]
- ↑ Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9, p. 132.
- ↑ Battera, Federico (2005). "Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia". Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean. Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.). London: I.B. Taurus. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-85043-634-8. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans.
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- ↑ Renders, Marleen; Terlinden, Ulf (13 October 2011). "Chapter 9: Negotiating Statehood in a Hybrid Political Order: The Case of Somaliland". In Tobias Hagmann; Didier Péclard. Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa. p. 191. ISBN 9781444395563. Retrieved 21 January 2012. Search this book on
- ↑ Simson Najovits, Egypt, trunk of the tree, Volume 2, (Algora Publishing: 2004), p.258.
- ↑ Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.147
- ↑ Breasted & 1906-07, pp. 246–295, vol. 1.
- ↑ J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann, Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, page 2663
- ↑ Asafa Jalata, State Crises, Globalisation, And National Movements In North-east Africa page 3-4
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 25. Americana Corporation. 1965. p. 255. Search this book on
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lewis, I.M. (1955). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. International African Institute. p. 140. Search this book on
External links[edit]
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