View source for Cryptofilida

{{Short description|Order of protists}}
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{{Automatic taxobox
|taxon=Cryptofilida
|authority=Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009
|subdivision_ranks=Families
|subdivision=
*[[Mesofilidae]]
*[[Nanofilidae]]
}}
'''Cryptofilida''' ({{etymology|lat|crypto|hidden||fila|threads}}) is an order of small [[heterotrophic]] protists in the phylum [[Cercozoa]]. They are [[Filose pseudopodia|filose]] [[amoebae]] that lack [[cilia]] and [[gliding motility|gliding]], and are instead characterized by movement through branching or unbranched granular [[filopodia]] that are appressed to the substrate during their feeding.<ref name="NovelNakedFilose"/><ref name="RhizariaPhylo2018"/>

In studies on the impact of conventional [[soil management]], Cryptofilida were identified as [[ecological indicator]]s.<ref name="HarkesArchive"/><ref name="Harkes2019"/>

==Phylogeny and taxonomy==
===Phylogeny===
Cryptofilida is an order inside [[Granofilosea]], and is phylogenetically related to [[Limnofilida]], a group with similar amoeboid protists. However, the exact relationships between the granofilosean clades is still unresolved. Two outcomes are shown here from the 2009 analysis that identified the group for the first time:<ref name="NovelNakedFilose"/>
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable"
|-style="font-size: 87%;vertical-align: top;background: white"
||
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;|1=[[Monadofilosa]]|label2=[[Granofilosea]]|2={{clade|2=[[Limnofilida]]|1={{clade|1={{clade|1={{clade|1={{clade|1={{clade|1=[[Desmothoracida]]|2=novel clade Gran-4}}|2=novel clade Gran-2}}|2=novel clade Gran-3}}|2=[[Leucodictyida]]}}|2={{clade|label1='''Cryptofilida'''|1={{clade|1=''[[Mesofila limnetica]]''|2={{clade|1={{clade|1=''[[Nanofila marina]]''|2=novel clade Gran-1}}|2=novel clade Gran-6}}}}}}}}}}}}
||
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;|1=[[Monadofilosa]]|label2=[[Granofilosea]]|2={{clade|2=novel clade Gran-5|1={{clade|1={{clade|1={{clade|2=novel clade Gran-6|1={{clade|1={{clade|2=novel clade Gran-3|1={{clade|2=novel clade Gran-2|1={{clade|1=[[Desmothoracida]]|2=novel clade Gran-4}}}}}}|2={{clade|1=[[Nanofilidae]] ('''Cryptofilida''')|2=novel clade Gran-1}}}}}}|2=[[Mesofilidae]] ('''Cryptofilida''')}}|2={{clade|1=[[Limnofilida]]|2=[[Leucodictyida]]}}}}}}}}
|}
A more recent analysis shows this result:<ref name="novel cultured protists"/>
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable"
|-style="font-size: 87%;vertical-align: top;background: white"
||
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;|1=[[Monadofilosa]]|label2=[[Granofilosea]]|2={{clade|2=[[Limnofilida]]|1={{clade|2=[[Leucodictyida]]|1={{clade|2={{clade|label1='''Cryptofilida'''|1={{clade|2=[[Mesofilidae]]|1={{clade|2=novel clade Gran-6|1={{clade|1=novel clade Gran-1|2=[[Nanofilidae]]}}}}}}}}|1={{clade|1=novel clade Gran-5|2={{clade|2=novel clades Gran-2 & 3|1={{clade|1=[[Desmothoracida]]|2=novel clade Gran-4}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|}

===Taxonomy===
The order contains two families with one species each.<ref name="NovelNakedFilose"/>
*Family [[Mesofilidae]] {{au|Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009}}
**''[[Mesofila]]'' {{au|Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009}}
***''[[Mesofila limnetica]]'' {{au|Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009}}
*Family [[Nanofilidae]] {{au|Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009}}
**''[[Nanofila]]'' {{au|Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009}}
***''[[Nanofila marina]]'' {{au|Cavalier-Smith & Bass, 2009}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="NovelNakedFilose">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bass D, Chao EE, Nikolaev S, Yabuki A, Ishida KI, Berney C, Pakzad U, Wylezich C, Cavalier-Smith T|title=Phylogeny of Novel Naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea Revised|journal=Protist|volume=160|issue=1|date=2009|pages=75–109|issn=1434-4610|doi=10.1016/j.protis.2008.07.002|pmid=18952499}}</ref>

<ref name="RhizariaPhylo2018">{{cite journal|title=Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria|first1=Thomas|last1=Cavalier-Smith|first2=Ema E.|last2=Chao|first3=Rhodri|last3=Lewis|date=April 2018|journal=Protoplasma|volume=255|issue=5 |pages=1517–1574|doi=10.1007/s00709-018-1241-1|pmid=29666938|pmc=6133090 |bibcode=2018Prpls.255.1517C }}</ref>

<ref name="Harkes2019">{{cite journal|vauthors=Harkes P, Suleiman AK, van den Elsen SJ, de Haan JJ, Holterman M, Kuramae EE, Helder J|title=Conventional and organic soil management as divergent drivers of resident and active fractions of major soil food web constituents|journal=Scientific Reports|date=18 September 2019|volume=9|issue=1 |article-number=13521|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-49854-y|pmid=31534146 |pmc=6751164 |bibcode=2019NatSR...913521H }}</ref>

<ref name="HarkesArchive">{{cite journal|vauthors=Harkes P, Suleiman AK, van den Elsen SJ, Haan JJ, Holterman M, Kuramae EE, Helder J|title=Conventional and organic soil management as divergent drivers of resident and active fractions of major soil food web constituents |journal=Scientific Reports |date=2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=13521 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-49854-y |pmid=31534146 |pmc=6751164 |bibcode=2019NatSR...913521H |biorxiv=10.1101/546192 }}</ref>

<ref name="novel cultured protists">{{cite journal|vauthors=Howe AT, Bass D, Scoble JM, Lewis R, Vickerman K, Arndt H, Cavalier-Smith T|title=Novel Cultured Protists Identify Deep-branching Environmental DNA Clades of Cercozoa: New Genera Tremula, Micrometopion, Minimassisteria, Nudifila, Peregrinia|journal=Protist|volume=162|issue=2|date=2011|pages=332–372|issn=1434-4610|doi=10.1016/j.protis.2010.10.002 |pmid=21295519 }}</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q19839497}}

[[Category:Cercozoa orders]]
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