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2019 Boeing 737 MAX groundings

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

Seventeen months after the Boeing 737 MAX 8 entered service in 2017, Lion Air Flight 610, a relatively new 737 MAX 8 aircraft, crashed minutes after takeoff on 29 October 2018, killing 189 passengers and crew. Less than five months later, on 10 March 2019, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, also a 737 MAX 8 aircraft, crashed six minutes after takeoff, killing 157 passengers and crew. A total of 346 people have been killed in both accidents.

Due to the investigation of the first accident not being completed at the time of the second accident, and the fact that both aircraft accidents occurred shortly after takeoff, multiple airline carriers have grounded their Boeing 737 MAX fleets either voluntarily or by order of their local aviation regulatory authorities.

Timeline and context[edit]

On 29 October 2018, Lion Air Flight 610, a scheduled domestic flight operated by the Indonesian airline Lion Air from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta to Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang, crashed into the Java Sea 12 minutes after takeoff. All 189 passengers and crew were killed in the accident.[1][2][3][4] It became the second deadliest airplane accident in Indonesia, only behind Garuda Indonesia Flight 152.

The Lion Air accident has been tentatively tied to the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), a new system installed on the MAX 8 series. The design of the MAX 8 can cause the nose to pitch up higher than usual, which could lead to a stall. The MCAS senses the amount of lift on the aircraft's nose, and automatically adjusts the aircraft's attitude to lower the nose and avoid the stall. With the Lion Air accident, investigators found that the pilots were not trained on this system, so that when it engaged, probably erroneously, the crew fought against the MCAS' control, likely leading to the crash. There was evidence that the MCAS had faulty sensor data regarding the aircraft's angle of attack.[5]

On 10 March 2019, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Ethiopian Airlines from Addis Ababa in Ethiopia to Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya, crashed six minutes after takeoff near Bishoftu, killing all 157 passengers and crew aboard the aircraft.[6][7][7][8][9] It is the deadliest aircraft accident to occur in Ethiopia, superseding the crash of an Ethiopian Air Force Antonov An-26 in 1982, which killed 73.

While the cause of the Ethiopian Air flight crash has not yet been determined, the preliminary investigation shows aircraft behavior prior to the crash, similar to the Lion Air accident.[10]

Response[edit]

Regulatory response[edit]

  • Australia: The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) announced on the evening of 12 March that all 737 MAX aircraft in Australia or flying to Australia were grounded indefinitely. CASA's Chief Executive and Director of Aviation Shane Carmody announced that "This is a temporary suspension while we wait for more information to review the safety risks of continued operations of the Boeing 737 MAX".[11]
  • Canada: Minister of Transport Marc Garneau said it was premature to consider groundings and that, "If I had to fly somewhere on that type of aircraft today, I would."[12]
  • China: the Civil Aviation Administration of China ordered all domestic airlines to suspend operations of all 737 MAX aircraft operated by Chinese carriers pending the results of the investigation, grounding 96 aircraft,[13][14] citing "zero tolerance for safety hazards".[15]
  • European Union: The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) released a directive on 12 March "suspending all flight operations of all Boeing Model 737-8 MAX and 737-9 MAX aeroplanes in the EU. In addition EASA has published a Safety Directive, effective as of 19:00 UTC, suspending all commercial flights performed by third-country operators into, within or out of the EU of the above mentioned models"[16]
  • India: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) released a statement "DGCA has taken the decision to ground the Boeing 737-MAX planes immediately. These planes will be grounded till appropriate modifications and safety measures are undertaken to ensure their safe operations"[17]
  • Indonesia: the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation issued a temporary suspension on the operation of every Boeing 737 MAX 8 in Indonesia, 11 in all. A nationwide inspection on the type is expected to take place on 12 March[18] to "ensure that aircraft operating in Indonesia are in an airworthy condition."[15]
  • Malaysia: The Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia announced that they have suspended all Boeing 737 MAX flying operations from and to Malaysia, including transitting flights.[19]
  • Mongolia: Civil Aviation Authority of Mongolia (MCAA) said in a statement "MCAA has temporarily stopped the Boeing 737 Max flight operated by MIAT Mongolian Airlines from 11 March 2019."[20]
  • Singapore: the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, "The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) is temporarily suspending operation of all variants of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft into and out of Singapore in light of two fatal accidents involving Boeing 737 MAX aircraft in less than five months[21]
  • Turkey: Turkish Civil Aviation Authority suspended flights of Boeing 737 MAX 8 and/or 9 type aircraft being operated by Turkish companies in Turkey, and stated that they are also reviewing the possibility of closing the country's airspace for the same.[22]
  • UAE: General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) issued a Safety Decision banning the operation of all Boeing 737 MAX models in the UAE airspace with effect from 13 March 2019, 00:01 UTC Time until further notice.[23]
  • United States: the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said they will assist the Ethiopian authorities investigating the crash but declined to ground the aircraft.[15][24]
  • United Kingdom: the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) banned Boeing 737 MAX aircraft from operating in UK's airspace as "a precautionary measure".[25] It had initially said in a statement "There are currently five Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft registered and operational in the United Kingdom," "The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is responsible for certifying all Boeing 737 Max 8 models and it is the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) that validates this certification across the EU, including the UK," and that "the CAA is working closely with the EASA".[15]

Groundings[edit]

As a result of the Flight 302 accident, aviation authorities and airlines began grounding the Boeing 737 MAX due to safety concerns.[26] By authorities (sorted by country):

  • On 12 March 2019, the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority grounded all 737 MAX aircraft in the country.[27]
  • On 12 March 2019, Belgium banned all 737 MAX 8 aircraft from its airspace.[28]
  • On 11 March, the Civil Aviation Administration of China ordered all domestic airlines to suspend operations of all 737 MAX aircraft operated by Chinese carriers, pending the results of the investigation, grounding all of the aircraft.[13][14] This suspensions covers Chinese regulated airlines including Shenzhen Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Air China, Okay Airways, Kunming Airlines and others.[29]
  • On 12 March, the European Aviation Safety Agency ban all 737 Max aircraft models from its airspace starting at 19:00 UTC of the same day.[30][31][32]
  • On 12 March, French aviation authority Directorate General for Civil Aviation (France) issued a ban on Boeing 737 Max from its airspace.[33]
  • On 12 March, Germany's Minister of Transportation, Andreas Scheuer, issued a ban on the 737 MAX aircraft in German airspace[34]
  • On 11 March, the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation issued a temporary suspension on the operation of all 11 Boeing 737 MAX 8 in Indonesia. A nationwide inspection on the type is expected to take place on 12 March.[18] This covers Garuda Indonesia and Lion Air[29]
  • On 12 March, the Irish Aviation Authority issued a ban on the 737 Max aircraft in Irish airspace.[35]
  • On 12 March, the Italian Civil Aviation Authority issued a ban on the 737 Max aircraft from arriving or departing starting at 21:00 local time.[31]
  • On 12 March, Netherland's Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management, Cora van Nieuwenhuizen, issued a ban on the 737 MAX aircraft in Dutch airspace.[36][32]
  • On 12 March, the Public Authority for Civil Aviation of Oman is temporarily suspending operations of Boeing 737 MAX aircraft into and out of all Omani airports until further notice.[37]
  • On 12 March, the Civil Aviation Authority of Poland issued a ban on the 737 Max aircraft in Polish airspace.[38]
  • The Namibia Civil Aviation Authority has banned the Boeing 737 Max 8 Class of aircraft from Arriving or Departing from any Aerodrome in Namibia.
  • On 12 March, the Civil Aviation Authority of the United Kingdom issued a ban on the 737 Max aircraft in UK airspace.[39]
  • On 12 March, three Turkish Boeing 737 MAX 8 return to Istanbul mid-flight because of the order issued by the EASA.[40]

By airline:

  • On 11 March, in Argentina, in the wake of pressure from a pilots' union, Aerolíneas Argentinas on March 11 grounded its fleet of 5 737 MAX 8 for 72 hours.[41] It had earlier indicated that it would continue to use the type and had formed a working group to review further developments.[42]
  • On 11 March, Brazil's Gol grounded its 737 MAX 8 fleet.[43] [44]
  • A similar response was enacted by Cayman Airways, which suspended operation of its two 737 MAX aircraft until further notice on 11 March.[45]
  • Ethiopian Airlines, which operates four other Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft aside from the downed aircraft, announced that it had grounded its remaining 737 MAX fleet with immediate effect.[46]
  • On 12 March, Flydubai, which operates MAX 8 and Max 9 in its fleet, grounded its fleet to comply with the orders by the GCAA.[47]
  • On 12 March, Icelandair grounded all three of its Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets out of its fleet of 33 following the UK's CAA and Norwegian Air [48]
  • On 12 March, India’s Jet Airways announced that they have grounded their 5 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft as of 12 March 2019. The airline stated that they are in contact with Boeing.[49]
  • On 12 March, Aeroméxico has announced that they will be grounding their 737 MAX aircraft as of March 11, 2019. “For Aeromexico, the security of its operations and the peace of the customers are the most important. The flights operated with these aircrafts will be covered with the rest of the fleet.”[50]
  • On 12 March, LOT Polish Airlines grounded all five of its Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets [51]
  • On 11 March, Mongolia's MIAT Mongolian Airlines grounded its one operating 737 MAX 8.[52]
  • On 11 March, Morocco's Royal Air Maroc voluntarily grounded its 737 MAXs.[53]
  • On 12 March, Norwegian Air temporarily grounded its Boeing 737 MAX 8 passenger jets, at the advice of European regulators, until further notice.[54]
  • On 11 March, South Africa's Comair grounded the only 737 MAX 8 in its fleet.[55]
  • On 12 March, S7 Airlines grounded 2 Boeing 737 MAX in its fleet.[56]
  • On 12 March, TUI Netherlands and Belgium ground every 737 MAX 8 in its fleet.[36]
  • On 12 March, Turkish Airlines grounded all 12 of its Boeing 737 MAX aircraft until further notice.[22]
Airline Fleet size
Aerolíneas Argentinas 5
Flydubai 8
Gol Transportes Aéreos 7
Cayman Airways 2
Ethiopian Airlines 4
Icelandair 3
Jet Airways 5
Aeroméxico 6
LOT Polish Airlines 5
MIAT Mongolian Airlines 1
Royal Air Maroc 2
Norwegian Air 18
Comair 1
TUI fly Belgium 4
TUI fly Netherlands 3
Turkish Airlines 12
S7 2
Lion Air 10
Garuda Indonesia 1
Shenzhen Airlines 5
China Eastern Airlines 3
Air China 15
Okay Airways 1
Kunming Airlines 2
Hainan Airlines 11
XiamenAir 10
Shandong Airlines 6
SilkAir 5
Total 157

Continued operations[edit]

Multiple airlines expressed confidence in continuing to operate the Boeing 737 MAX.[15]

  • American Airlines, which operates 24 737 MAX 8 aircraft in its fleet, released the following statement: "At this time there are no facts on the cause of the accident other than news reports" "We have full confidence in the aircraft and our crew members, who are the best and most experienced in the industry."[15]
  • Fiji Airways, which operates 2 737 MAX 8 in its fleet, released the following statement: "We have full confidence in the airworthiness of our entire fleet"[15]
  • Southwest Airlines, which operates 34 737 MAX 8 in its fleet, released the following statement: "We remain confident in the safety and airworthiness of our fleet of more than 750 Boeing aircraft"[15]
  • WestJet, which operates 13 737 MAX 8 in its fleet, said in a statement, "We are monitoring the situation closely and will not speculate on the cause of the incident," and "WestJet remains confident in the safety of our Boeing 737 fleet including our 13 MAX-8 aircraft first introduced in 2017."[15]

Manufacturer response[edit]

Boeing Commercial Airplanes, the manufacturer of the 737 MAX, released the following statement: "Boeing is deeply saddened to learn of the passing of the passengers and crew on Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, a 737 MAX 8 airplane. We extend our heartfelt sympathies to the families and loved ones of the passengers and crew on board and stand ready to support the Ethiopian Airlines team. A Boeing technical team will be traveling to the crash site to provide technical assistance under the direction of the Ethiopia Accident Investigation Bureau and U.S. National Transportation Safety Board."[57]

In a later response to the grounding of the aircraft, a spokesperson for Boeing released the following statement: "We have engaged our customers and regulators on concerns they may have – and would refer you to them to discuss their operations and decisions. Safety is our number one priority and we are taking every measure to fully understand all aspects of this accident, working closely with the investigating team and all regulatory authorities involved. The investigation is in its early stages, but at this point, based on the information available, we do not have any basis to issue new guidance to operators." [58]

On 11 March, Boeing announced that it had been working on a flight control software upgrade to the MCAS flight control law, pilot displays, operation manuals and crew training. The upgrade, which Boeing said was partly in response to the Lion Air crash but not linked to the Ethiopian Airlines crash, will be deployed in the coming weeks and is expected to be made mandatory by an FAA Airworthiness Directive.[59]

On 12 March President Donald Trump spoke to Muilenburg and received assurances that the aircraft was safe. He later tweeted, "Airplanes are becoming far too complex to fly. Pilots are no longer needed, but rather computer scientists from MIT. I see it all the time in many products. Always seeking to go one unnecessary step further, when often old and simpler is far better."[60]

See also[edit]


References[edit]

  1. ↑ Suhartono, Harry; Rahadiana, Rieka; Rusmana, Yoga (29 October 2018). "Lion Air Boeing Passenger Jet Has Crashed, Says Rescue Agency". Bloomberg News.
  2. ↑ Putra, Andri D. (29 October 2018). "Pesawat Lion Air JT-610 Rute Jakarta-Pangkal Pinang Hilang Kontak". KOMPAS.com (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  3. ↑ Massola, James; Rompies, Karuni; Rosa, Amilia (29 October 2018). "Lion Air flight crashes in Indonesia". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  4. ↑ Gröndahl, Mika; McCann, Allison; Glanz, James; Migliozzi, Blacki; Syam, Umi (26 December 2018). "In 12 Minutes, Everything Went Wrong". The New York Times.
  5. ↑ Picheta, Rob (10 March 2019). "Ethiopian Airlines crash is second disaster involving Boeing 737 MAX 8 in months". CNN. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  6. ↑ "Ethiopian Airlines flight ET302 crashes en route to Kenya". The National. Addis Ababa. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "ET-AVJ". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  8. ↑ "Ethiopian Airlines: 'No survivors' on crashed Boeing 737". BBC News. BBC News Online. 10 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  9. ↑ "Ethiopian Airlines flight to Nairobi crashes, deaths reported". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  10. ↑ Gallagher, Sean (10 March 2019). "Another 737 MAX jet crash prompts groundings by China, Indonesia, Ethiopia". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  11. ↑ "Boeing 737 MAX 8 operations suspended in Australia after Ethiopian Airlines crash". ABC News. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  12. ↑ Ebner, David; Perreaux, Les. "Air Canada, WestJet will continue to fly Boeing 737 Max 8 after Ethiopian Airlines crash". The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "China Grounds Entire Domestic Fleet of Boeing 737 Max Jets After Crash". Bloomberg. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "China's aviation regulator orders grounding of 737 Max". The Air Current. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 CNN, Jack Guy and Emily Dixon. "Which airlines are still flying Boeing 737 MAX 8s?". CNN. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  16. ↑ "EASA suspends all Boeing 737 Max operations in Europe". EASA. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  17. ↑ Aviation, Ministry of Civil (2019-03-12). "DGCA has taken the decision to ground the Boeing 737-MAX planes immediately. These planes will be grounded till appropriate modifications and safety measures are undertaken to ensure their safe operations. (1/2)". @MoCA_GoI. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Indonesia to temporarily ground Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets for inspections". Reuters. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  19. ↑ "Malaysia declares 'no-fly zone' for Boeing 737 MAX 8". New Strait Times. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  20. ↑ https://mcaa.gov.mn/?p=5445
  21. ↑ "Singapore grounds Boeing 737 MAX aircraft after 2 deadly crashes". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Turkish Airlines grounds all Boeing 737 MAX aircraft". Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  23. ↑ "GCAA bans operation of Boeing 737 MAX models as precautionary measure". wam. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  24. ↑ "FAA declines to ground Boeing 737 MAX 8, says unknown if two crashes are linked". CNN. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  25. ↑ "UK joins Boeing 737 Max aircraft ban". BBC News. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  26. ↑ Wenxin, Fan; Moss, Trefor; Walland, Robert. "Indonesia Follows China in Grounding Boeing 737 MAX 8 Jets After Fatal Crash". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  27. ↑ Hatch, Patrick (12 March 2019). "Australia grounds Boeing's 737 MAX in wake of fatal crashes". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  28. ↑ "Europese luchtruim gesloten voor Boeing 737 MAX-toestellen, volgens VS is toestel veilig" (in Nederlands). 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Which airlines use the Boeing 737 Max 8?". 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  30. ↑ "EASA suspends all Boeing 737 Max operations in Europe". European Aviation Safety Agency. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "ENAC Press Release n. 16/2019" (PDF) (in italiano). 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Europese luchtruim gesloten voor Boeing 737 MAX 8-vliegtuigen" (in Nederlands). 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  33. ↑ "French aviation authority bans Boeing 737 MAX from its airspace". 12 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  34. ↑ "Scheuer sperrt deutschen Luftraum für Boeing 737 Max 8" (in Deutsch). 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  35. ↑ "Boeing 737 MAX planes banned from Irish and EU airspace". 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Nederland sluit luchtruim voor Boeing 737 MAX na crash Ethiopië" (in Nederlands). 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  37. ↑ "Oman suspends Boeing 737 MAX flights after crash". 12 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  38. ↑ "Informacja dotycząca wykonywania lotów samolotami Boeing 737 Max w przestrzeni powietrznej Polski" (in polski). 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  39. ↑ "UK joins Boeing 737 Max aircraft ban". 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  40. ↑ . 2019-03-12 https://airlinerwatch.com/three-turkish-boeing-737-max-8-returns-to-istanbul/. Retrieved 2019-03-12. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  41. ↑ "Aerolíneas Argentinas deja de volar con el Boeing de la polémica". Clarín. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  42. ↑ "Aerolíneas Argentinas seguirá operando sus 5 Boeing 737 MAX 8". Clarín. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  43. ↑ "Gol decide suspender uso do modelo 737 MAX 8 após acidente na Etiópia". g1.globo.com (in português). 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  44. ↑ "Gol suspende operação de Boeings de mesmo modelo que caiu na Etiópia". www1.folha.uol.com.br (in português). 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  45. ↑ "CAL suspends Max 8 operations". www.caymanairways.com. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  46. ↑ Airlines, Ethiopian (10 March 2019). "Accident Bulletin no. 5 Issued on March 11, 2019 at 07:08 AM Local Timepic.twitter.com/rwxa51Fgij". @flyethiopian. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  47. ↑ "UAE regulator bans operations of Boeing 737 Max". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  48. ↑ "Icelandair tekur þrjár vélar úr rekstri". RÚV.is. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  49. ↑ "The Latest: India's Jet Airways grounds Boeing 737 Max 8s". www.washingtonpost.com. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  50. ↑ "STATEMENT 2 B737 MAX 11 MAR 19" (PDF). www.aeromexico.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 March 2019.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
  51. ↑ https://www.pasazer.com/news/40890/lot,uziemia,boeingi,737,max.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  52. ↑ "Mongolia suspends commercial operations of Boeing 737-8 jet - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. 11 March 2019.
  53. ↑ "Boeing 737 MAX grounded in several countries following Ethiopian crash". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  54. ↑ "Norwegian temporarily suspends flights with the Boeing 737 MAX, following recommendations by European aviation authorities". Mynewsdesk. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  55. ↑ "South African airline grounds the only Boeing 737 MAX 8 in its fleet". www.cnn.com. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  56. ↑ "S7 Airlines decides to ground its Boeing 737 MAX aircraft". Text "https://www.s7.ru/home/info/Boeing737MAX.dot" ignored (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  57. ↑ "Updated: Boeing Statement on Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302". MediaRoom. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  58. ↑ "Boeing says it has no plans to issue new guidance". CNN. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  59. ↑ Toh, Mavis (March 12, 2019). "Boeing to upgrade 737 Max flight control software". Flightglobal.com.
  60. ↑ "Trump tweets on airplanes, speaks to Boeing CEO in wake of 737 MAX..." 12 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019 – via www.reuters.com.


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