Alternative psychoactive alcohol use

Alternative psychoactive alcohol use

Poly drug products

Caffeinated alcohol

Caffeinated alcoholic drinks combine alcohol, caffeine, and the ingredients of energy drinks into one drink. In 2010 and 2011, this type of beverage faced criticism for posing health risks to their drinkers. Alcohol and caffeine are both psychoactive drugs, drugs that are mixed are referred to as poly drug use. As a response the US Food and Drug Administration introduced a caffeinated alcohol drinks ban.

Coca wine

Coca wine is an alcoholic beverage combining wine with extracted coca alkaloid. One popular brand was Vin Mariani, developed in 1863 by Corsican entrepreneur Angelo Mariani.

Cocaine and ethanol forms cocaethylene which is more toxic than cocaine or ethanol when used separately.

Nicotini

A nicotini is any alcoholic drink which includes nicotine as an ingredient. Its name is modeled after the word "martini" in the fashion of such drinks as the appletini. In places which ban smoking, use of the nicotini provides those addicted to nicotine with the opportunity to manage cravings without stepping outside to smoke.

Synthetic alcohol substitute

A Synthetic alcohol substitute is a proposed substitute for alcoholic beverages, and gives the drinker the effects of drunkenness without many of the risks of alcohol. It is currently being developed by a team at Imperial College London, led by Professor David Nutt, chair of the ISCD. It is based on benzodiazepines.

Fermentation species

Saliva-fermented beverages

Main article: Saliva-fermented beverages

The mycological significance of this dual fermentation process was previously unrecognized. The process of chewing grains or other starches was used in the production of alcoholic beverages in pre-modern cultures around the world; sake in Japan is an example. To date this tradition is still popular among indigenous communities around the world with cassava being the most commonly used plant.

Edible mushroom fermentation

• Wine can be made by using mushroom fruit bodies instead of microorganisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pleurotus ostreatus have been demonstrated to produce 12.2% ABV, and Agaricus blazei 8% ABV. It seems to be a functional food which can be expected to have preventive effects against cancer and thrombosis.

Alcohol state of matter

See also: State of matter

• Solid: Alcohol powder made by molecular encapsulate alcohol, usually with cyclodextrin. The powder is usable with different routes of administration (see ROA on this page).
• Liquid: This is the normal state of matter for most alcohols. A unique exception being 2-Methylpropan-2-ol which tends to be a solid at room temperature, with a melting point slightly above 25 °C.
• Gas: Alcohol mist can be formed with a nebulizer for inhalation (see ROA on this page).

Routes of administration

Orally

Alcohol powder is useful with capsules to eliminate the burning taste of rectified spirit upon ingestion. The powder will produce an alcoholic drink when mixed with water.

Capsules

It will require about 20 x 1 gram capsules to provide 20 cL pure ethanol which may be inconvenient. 2M2B is one of few alcohols potent enough for practical use for alcohol supplementation as it is 20 times more potent. When used in this way combined with time release technology dosage form (e.g. a few small-sized capsules with different time-release), potent alcohols can provide low-dose alcohol therapy to eliminate alcohol intoxication, lower the risk for alcohol dependency, and yet provide eventual health effects.

Inhalation

Nebulizer

Alcohol inhalation or "alcohol smoking" uses various techniques to vaporize or nebulize alcohol into a mist for inhalation. Also, alcohol powder that is molecularly encapsulated with cyclodextrin can be used with a nebulizer for easier inhalation into the lungs than the ordinarily harsh vapors.

Smoking

Menthol is an alcohol which act as an analgesic, and has GABA_Aergic activity. It is also a weak kappa opioid receptor agonist. It may be smoked from Menthol cigarettes. In addition, ethanol from alcoholic drinks may be igested using a practice called "smoking alcohol". Smoking alcohol is inhaling the vapors of an alcoholic drink by vaporizing the alcohol using techniques involving pumps or dry ice.

Injection

Intravenously

Ethanol is usually only injected intravenously as antidote against ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning (see #Antidote). However, diluted distilled beverages are also injected by intravenous drug users, occasionally when they are unable to access other drugs and there is limited alcohol available to get intoxicated orally. One of the tertiary alcohols, ethchlorvynol, is not compatible with intravenous injection and serious injury or death can occur when it is used in this manner

Intramuscular

Ethanol is safe to use intramuscularly.

Rectal

Main article: Alcohol enema

An alcohol enema, colloquially known as butt-chugging, is the act of introducing alcohol into the rectum and colon via the anus. This method of alcohol consumption is dangerous because it leads to faster intoxication since the alcohol is absorbed directly into the bloodstream and neutralizes the body's ability to reject the toxin by vomiting.

Vaginal

Teens have been known to use vodka-soaked tampons to get drunk.

Applications

Medical

Antidote

Pharmaceutical grade ethanol (rectified spirit) diluted 5–10% in 5% dextrose is usually given intravenously as an ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning treatment.

However, sometimes ethanol is given orally in the form of distilled beverages such as whisky, vodka, or gin for ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning treatment when no pharmaceutical ethanol solutions are available. In one case, doctors saved a poisoned tourist using a vodka drip.

Tincture

Main article: Tincture

A tincture is typically an alcoholic extract of plant or animal material or solution.

To qualify as an alcoholic tincture, the extract should have an ethanol percentage of at least 40-60% or 80-120 proof. Sometimes even a 90% or 180 proof tincture is achieved.

Elixir

Main article: Elixir

Vodka can be used for making elixirs.

An elixir ([الإكسير, Al-Ikseer, the effective recipe] , [ξήριον, medical powder] , xerion "powder for drying wounds", from ξηρός, xeros dry) is a clear, sweet-flavored liquid used for medicinal purposes, to be taken orally and intended to cure one's ills. When used as a pharmaceutical preparation, an elixir contains at least one active ingredient designed to be taken orally.

Fire breathing

Distilled beverages (spirits) are often used as fuel in fire breathing which also can produce a subtle alcohol intoxication as the alcohol by volume often are quite pure.

Legality

Alcohols other than ethanol are not covered by alcohol monopoly and alcohol taxes in general but alcohol laws may do (eg not drinking alcoholic beverages in public places).

See also

• Alcoholic beverage

References

This article "Alternative psychoactive alcohol use" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

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