Amghar (title)
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The word Amghar is an honorific title of respect in Tamazight meaning "the leader", "the chief", "the ancestor", or the "old man". It is used to designate various kinds of dignitaries or chiefs, such as the title Chief in English or in Arabic Sheikh.
In Amazigh communities, the "Amghar" serves as the representative and/or leader of the Tribe. He or She is chosen by a popular vote, similar to modern-day elections of presidents and political representatives. The role of the Amghar is not only to represent and lead the Tribe, but also to work with other Amghars of other tribes, and foreign political leaders to strengthen the community and defend the Tribe in times of conflict.
The feminine version of Amghar is "Lalla", which is used as an honorific title for Tribe leaders, respected elders, saints, and in some countries used for Princesses. The alternative titles of "Moulay" and Sherif are also used on some occasions, especially when foreign languages are intervened.
The Amghar of the Tribe is considered a sacred figure and the title is used even after the Amghar dies, retires, or is replaced. There has not been an election of an Amghar in any Amazigh tribe since the last one, Abd el-Krim died in 1963.
Notable Amghars[edit]
- Abd el-Krim (1882-1963), Riffian anti-colonial and political leader and first President of the Republic of the Rif.
- Mohammed Ameziane (1859-1912), Riffian resistance leader against the Spanish colonizaiton of the Rif.
- Abu Abdallah Mohammed (AD 1060), Almoravid Saint and spiritual master.
- Assou Oubasslam (1890-1960), resistance leader against French colonialism in Ait Atta
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