Awdalland
Awdalland أرض أودال | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
Anthem: Soomaaliyeey toosoo | |
 Location of Awdal in Somalia. | |
| Capital | Borama 9°55′N 43°10′E / 9.917°N 43.167°E ⧼validator-fatal-error⧽ |
| Official languages | |
| Government | |
• President | Mahdi Isaaq |
| Autonomy | |
• Proclaimed | 2009 |
• Recognition | unrecognized |
| Area | |
• Total | 6,122 km2 (2,364 sq mi) |
| Currency | Somali shilling (SOS) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (not observed) |
| Calling code | +252 (Somalia) |
| ISO 3166 code | SO |
| Internet TLD | .so (Somalia) |
Rankings may not be available because of Awdalland's unrecognized de facto state. | |
Awdalland (Somali: Awdalland Arabic: أرض أودال) is a former region in northwestern Somaliland,[1] centered on Borama, the capital of the Awdal province.
History[edit]
Awdalland (also spelled Adelland) takes its name from the Adel Sultanate, a medieval empire which rose to power during the 16th century. The area along the Ethiopian border, around Borama is abundant with ruined cities. These cities were described by Richard F. Burton, a British explorer in 1856, as the first footsteps in East Africa and by A. T. Curle as the unsolved riddle of Africa.[2]
In 1995, after the collapse of the Somali central government, a local separatist movement known as the "Awdal Republic" or "Awdalland Republic" briefly sought independence.[3]
In 2009, the formation of a new autonomous region within a federalist Somalia was officially declared. Referred to as "Awdalland" or the Adel State, the local administration does not recognize the secessionist Somaliland government's claim to sovereignty or to its territory.[4][5] In 2011, Zeila & Lughaya State and its capital town, Zeila, declared it would not recognize the power of the Somaliland government. . However, the government of Somaliland soon regained some kind of control of the territory. The territory has a total area of 8,566 km2 (3,307 square mi). Its main city is Zeila, which is situated on the coast. Lughaya, Asha Addo, Harirad, Jidhi and Lawyacado are the other principal cities in the region.
Demographics[edit]
Awdal is primarily inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Gadabuursi subclan of the Dir especially well represented and considered the predominant clan of the region.[6]
Federico Battera (2005) states about the Awdal Region:
"Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans."[7]
A UN Report published by Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1999), states concerning Awdal:
"The Gadabuursi clan dominates Awdal region. As a result, regional politics in Awdal is almost synonymous with Gadabuursi internal clan affairs."[8]
Marleen Renders and Ulf Terlinden (2010) both state that the Gadabuursi almost exclusively inhabit the Awdal Region:
Awdal in western Somaliland is situated between Djibouti, Ethiopia and the Issaq-populated mainland of Somaliland. It is primarily inhabited by the three sub-clans of the Gadabursi clan, whose traditional institutions survived the colonial period, Somali statehood and the war in good shape, remaining functionally intact and highly relevant to public security.[9]
There is also a sizeable minority of the Issa subclan of the Dir who mainly inhabit the Zeila district.[10]
References[edit]
- ↑ Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9, p. 132.
- ↑ A. T. Curle (1937). The Ruined Cities of Somaliland, pp. 315–327. Antiquity
- ↑ "Awdal "Republic": Declaration of Independence, [Somalia]". University of Pennsylvania – African Studies Center. Archived from the original on 14 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-29. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "The Declaration of Adel State". Lughaya. 8 September 2009. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Awdalland Deserves Recognition – New Song (Daawo)". SSC Times. 7 August 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)[self-published source] - ↑ Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9, p. 132.
- ↑ Battera, Federico (2005). "Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia". Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean. Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.). London: I.B. Taurus. p. 296. ISBN 1-85043-634-7. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans.
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- ↑ UN (1999) Somaliland: Update to SML26165.E of 14 February 1997 on the situation in Zeila, including who is controlling it, whether there is fighting in the area, and whether refugees are returning. "Gadabuursi clan dominates Awdal region. As a result, regional politics in Awdal is almost synonymous with Gadabuursi internal clan affairs." p. 5.
- ↑ Renders, Marleen; Terlinden, Ulf. "Chapter 9: Negotiating Statehood in a Hybrid Political Order: The Case of Somaliland". In Tobias Hagmann; Didier Péclard. Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa (PDF). p. 191. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
Awdal in western Somaliland is situated between Djibouti, Ethiopia and the Issaq-populated mainland of Somaliland. It is primarily inhabited by the three sub-clans of the Gadabursi clan, whose traditional institutions survived the colonial period, Somali statehood and the war in good shape, remaining functionally intact and highly relevant to public security.
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- ↑ Janzen, J.; von Vitzthum, S.; Somali Studies International Association (2001). What are Somalia's Development Perspectives?: Science Between Resignation and Hope? : Proceedings of the 6th SSIA Congress, Berlin 6-9 December 1996. Proceedings of the ... SSIA-Congress. Das Arabische Buch. p. 132. ISBN 978-3-86093-230-8. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018. Unknown parameter
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External links[edit]
- Lughaya.Com | Adal: The Land of Ahmed Gurey Awdal Selel and Gebilay
- SSC TIMES – Real Voice of Sool Sanaag Cayn – Awdalland
- The Emergence of Awdalland a Vital Reality Check for Secessionist One-Clan-Somaliland
- Somaliland is not ours any more. Awdalland is our own. A reply to Mudane Mo
- Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. Heestii Calanka Awdalland
- Doorashadii Madaxweynaha
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