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Brenton Tarrant

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

Brenton Tarrant
File:Brenton Tarrant.pngBrenton Tarrant.png Brenton Tarrant.png
Brenton Tarrant's mugshot, taken on the day of the attacks.
BornBrenton Harrison Tarrant
(1990-10-27) 27 October 1990 (age 34)
Grafton, New South Wales, Australia
💼 Occupation
Former personal trainer
Known forPerpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings
Criminal statusIncarcerated

Brenton Harrison Tarrant (born 27 October 1990) is an Australian mass murderer, white supremacist, and terrorist who murdered 51 people and wounded 40 others in a terrorist attack consisting of two mass shootings at mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, on 15 March 2019 before being arrested by responding police officers.[6][7] The shootings were the deadliest in modern New Zealand history,[8] and Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern described the act as "one of New Zealand's darkest days".[9]

Background[edit]

Tarrant grew up in Grafton, New South Wales, and attended Grafton High School.[10][11] After Tarrant's parents separated when he was young, his mother's subsequent boyfriend abused her and the children.[12] He worked as a personal trainer in his hometown from 2009 to 2011,[13] quitting after an injury; in that time, he inherited A$457,000 from his father, who committed suicide in 2010.[14]

At the time of the shootings, Tarrant had been living in Andersons Bay in Dunedin since 2017.[14][15] He was a member of a South Otago gun club, where he practiced shooting at its range.[16][17] A neighbour described him as a friendly loner.[18] In 2018, Tarrant was treated for eye and thigh injuries at Dunedin Public Hospital; he told doctors he had sustained the injuries while trying to dislodge an improperly chambered bullet from a gun. The doctors also treated him for steroid abuse, but never reported Tarrant's visit to the authorities,[14] which would have resulted in police reassessing his fitness to hold a gun licence.[19]

Travels and racist views[edit]

Tarrant began expressing racist ideas from a young age.[14] From 2012 onward, he visited a number of countries in Asia and Europe, using the money he inherited from his father. He always travelled alone, with the exception of a trip to North Korea. Police in Bulgaria and Turkey investigated Tarrant's visits to their countries.[14][12][20][21] Security officials suspected that he had come into contact with far-right organisations about two years before the shooting, while visiting European nations.[22] He donated €1,500 to Identitäre Bewegung Österreich (IBÖ), the Austrian branch of Generation Identity (part of the Identitarian movement) in Europe, as well as €2,200 to Génération Identitaire (GI), the French branch of the group, and interacted with IBÖ leader Martin Sellner via email between January 2018 and July 2018, offering to meet in Vienna and a linking to his YouTube channel.[23] According to Tracfin, France's financial intelligence agency, Tarrant was a "beneficiary member" of GI.[24] His donation to GI later led to their dissolution by the French government.[25] In January 2017, Tarrant donated a total of $276.95AUD to two right wing organisations. $138.89 went to Freedomain Radio and another $138.06 went to National Policy Institute. These donations were made via PayPal.[26]

Captivated with sites of battles between Christian European nations and the Ottoman Empire, Tarrant went on another series of visits to the Balkans from 2016 to 2018, with Croatia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Turkey, and Bosnia-Herzegovina confirming his presence there in these years.[27] He posted Balkan nationalist material on social media platforms[28] and called for the United States to be weakened in order to prevent events such as the NATO intervention in Kosovo in support of Muslim Albanians against Christian Serbs.[29][27][30] He said he was against intervention by NATO because he saw the Serbian military as "Christian Europeans attempting to remove these Islamic occupiers from Europe".[29][30] By June 2016, relatives noted a change in Tarrant's personality, which he claimed was the result of a mugging incident in Ethiopia, and his mother had expressed concern for his mental health.[14]

In 2016, three years prior to the attacks, Tarrant praised Blair Cottrell as a leader of the far-right movements in Australia and made more than 30 comments on the now-deleted "United Patriots Front" and "True Blue Crew" webpages. An Australian Broadcasting Corporation team who studied the comments called them "fragments and digital impressions of a well-travelled young man who frequented hate-filled anonymous messaging boards and was deeply engaged in a global alt-right culture."[31] A Melbourne man said that in 2016, he filed a police complaint after Tarrant allegedly told him in an online conversation, "I hope one day you meet the rope". He said that the police told him to block Tarrant and did not take a statement from him. The police said that they were unable to locate a complaint.[32]

After his arrest, Tarrant told investigators that he frequented right-wing discussion boards on 4chan and 8chan and also found YouTube to be "a significant source of information and inspiration."[14]

Weapons[edit]

Gun used in the shootings, marked up with text referencing extreme right-wing ideologies and previous terrorist attacks.

Police recovered six guns: two AR-15 style rifles (one manufactured by Windham Weaponry and the other by Ruger), two 12-gauge shotguns (a semiautomatic Mossberg 930 and a pump-action Remington 870), and two other rifles (a .357 Magnum Uberti lever-action rifle, and a .223-caliber Mossberg Predator bolt-action rifle). They were all purchased between December 2017 and March 2019, along with more than 7,000 rounds of ammunition.[7] Tarrant held a firearms licence with an "A" endorsement,[33] and he started buying his arsenal a month after acquiring his licence. According to a city gun store, Tarrant bought four firearms and ammunition online.[34] The shop said none of the four were military-style weapons, and it is not known if these guns were the ones used in the attacks. The shop did not detect anything unusual or extraordinary about the customer.[35] Additionally, he illegally[36] replaced the semi-automatic rifles' small, legal magazines with 30-round and 60-round magazines purchased online,[37][38] and the triggers of some of the firearms were modified so he could fire them more quickly.[7]

According to Stuff, Tarrant was wrongly granted a firearms licence due to police failures. Sources said that police failed to interview a family member as required for obtaining a firearms licence, instead interviewing two men that Tarrant had met through an online chatroom. In the days after the attacks, the police had quashed concerns that Tarrant had obtained the weapons inappropriately. Police have not given comment to this allegation, saying they do not wish to interfere with the ongoing inquiry into the event.[39]

The guns and magazines used were covered in white writing naming historical events, people, and motifs related to historical conflicts, wars, and battles between Muslims and European Christians;[29][30][40][41] as well as the names of recent Islamic terrorist attack victims and the names of far-right attackers.[42] The markings also included references to "Turkofagos" (Turk eater), a term used by Greeks during the Greek War of Independence and white supremacist slogans such as the anti-Muslim phrase "Remove Kebab" that originated from Serbia and the Fourteen Words.[29][40][41] Apart from the Latin alphabet, writings on the weaponry were in the Cyrillic, Armenian and Georgian alphabets.[40] The writings were names dedicated to historic individuals that fought against Muslim forces. On his pack was a Black Sun patch, and two dog tags: one with a Celtic cross, and one with a Slavic swastika design.[43]

Police also found two improvised explosive devices attached to a car; these were defused by the New Zealand Defence Force.[44] No explosives were found on the gunman.[45]

Manifesto[edit]

Tarrant claims to be the author of a 74-page manifesto titled The Great Replacement, a reference to the "Great Replacement" and "white genocide" conspiracy theories.[5][46] It said that the attacks were planned two years prior, and the location was selected three months prior.[47] Minutes before the attacks began, the manifesto was emailed to more than 30 recipients, including the prime minister's office and several media outlets,[48] and links were shared on Twitter and 8chan.[49][50]

In the manifesto, several anti-immigrant sentiments are expressed, including hate speech against migrants, white supremacist rhetoric, and calls for all non-European immigrants in Europe who are claimed to be "invading his land" to be removed.[51] The manifesto displays neo-Nazi symbols such as the Black Sun and the Odin's cross. However, the author denies being a Nazi,[52] describing himself instead as an "ethno-nationalist",[30][53][54] an "eco-fascist",[55] and a "kebab removalist", in reference to a meme exalting the genocide of Bosnian Muslims that occurred during the Bosnian War.[56] The author cites Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik and others as an inspiration. The author says he originally targeted the Al Huda Mosque in Dunedin but changed his mind after visiting Christchurch, because the mosques there contained "more adults and a prior history of extremism".[57][58] In 2014 and 2015, local press had reported an allegation that a congregation member had been radicalised at the mosque.[59]

The manifesto was described by some media outlets as "shitposting"—trolling designed to engender conflict between certain groups and people.[60] Readers of the manifesto described it as containing deliberately provocative and absurd statements, such as sarcastically claiming to have been turned into a killer by playing violent video games.[61] On 23 March 2019, the manifesto was deemed "objectionable" by the Chief Censor of New Zealand, making it unlawful to possess or distribute it in New Zealand.[62] Exemptions to the ban were available for journalists, researchers, and academics.[63] In August 2019, The New Zealand Herald reported that printed copies of the manifesto were being sold online outside New Zealand, something New Zealand law could not prevent.[64]

Genocide scholar A. Dirk Moses analysed the manifesto, concluding that "Tarrant's words yield insights into the subjectivity of genocidaires more generally, namely that they commit terrorist acts with genocidal intent as – in their own mind – preventative self-defence; not as acts of aggression but, as he writes, 'a partisan action against an occupying force'". According to Moses, it was hypocritical for Tarrant to complain about supposed "white genocide" from immigration without recognising that he himself comes from a settler colony that resulted from what Moses characterises as genocide against the Indigenous Australians.[65]

Preparation for the shootings[edit]

Tarrant's travels on 8–9 January 2019.

Tarrant is thought to have become obsessed with terrorist attacks committed by Islamic extremists in 2016 and 2017, started planning an attack about two years prior to the shootings, and chosen his targets three months in advance.[66] Some survivors at the Al Noor Mosque believed they had seen Tarrant there on several Fridays before the attack, pretending to pray and asking about the mosque's schedules.[67] The Royal Commission report found no evidence of this,[68] and police instead believe that Tarrant had viewed an online tour of Al-Noor as part of his planning.[69]

On 8 January 2019, Tarrant used a drone operated from a nearby park to investigate the mosque's grounds.[70] Additionally, he used the Internet to find detailed mosque plans, interior pictures, and prayer schedules to figure out when mosques would be at their busiest levels.[7] On the same day, he had driven past the Linwood Islamic Centre.[70]

Legal proceedings[edit]

Arraignment[edit]

Tarrant appeared in the Christchurch District Court on 16 March, where he was charged with one count of murder.[71] The judge ordered the courtroom closed to the public except for accredited media and allowed the accused to be filmed and photographed on the condition that Tarrant's face be pixellated.[72] In court, Tarrant smiled at reporters and made an inverted OK gesture below his waist, said to be a "white power" sign.[73]

The case was transferred to the High Court, and Tarrant was remanded in custody as his lawyer did not seek bail.[74] He was subsequently transferred to the country's only maximum-security unit at Auckland Prison.[75] He lodged a formal complaint regarding his prison conditions, on the grounds that he has no access to newspapers, television, Internet, visitors, or phone calls.[76][needs update] On 4 April, police announced they had increased the total number of charges to 89, 50 for murder and 39 for attempted murder, with other charges still under consideration.[77] At the next hearing on 5 April, Tarrant was ordered by the judge to undergo a psychiatric assessment of his mental fitness to stand trial.[78]

On 20 May, a new charge of engaging in a terrorist act was laid against Tarrant under the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002. One murder charge and one attempted murder charge were also added, bringing the total to 51 and 40, respectively.[79]

Initial plea and pre-trial detention[edit]

On 14 June 2019, Tarrant appeared at the Christchurch High Court via audio-visual link from Auckland Prison. Through his lawyer, he pleaded not guilty to one count of engaging in a terrorist act, 51 counts of murder, and 40 counts of attempted murder. Mental health assessments had indicated no issues regarding his fitness to plead or stand trial. The trial was originally set to begin on 4 May 2020,[80] but it was later pushed back to 2 June 2020 to avoid coinciding with the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.[81]

During his time in prison, Tarrant was able to send seven letters, one of which was subsequently posted on the Internet message boards 4chan and 8chan by a recipient. Minister of Corrections Kelvin Davis and the Department of Corrections were criticised for allowing the distribution of these letters.[82] Prime Minister Ardern subsequently announced that the Government would explore amending the Corrections Act 2004 to further restrict what mail can be received and sent by prisoners.[83][84]

Guilty plea and sentencing arrangements[edit]

On 26 March 2020, Tarrant appeared at the Christchurch High Court via audio-visual link from Auckland Prison. During the appearance, he pleaded guilty to all 92 charges. Due to the nationwide COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the general public was barred from the hearing; however, media representatives and representatives for the Al-Noor and Linwood mosques were present in the courtroom.[85] According to media reports, Tarrant's lawyers had informed the courts that their client was considering changing his plea. On 25 March, Tarrant issued his lawyers with formal written instructions confirming that he wanted to change his pleas to guilty. In response, court authorities began making arrangements for the case to be called as soon as possible in the midst of the COVID-19 lockdown.[86][87] The judge convicted Tarrant on all charges and remanded him in custody to await sentencing.[citation needed] For sentencing, Tarrant had dismissed his lawyers and represented himself during those proceedings.[88][89]

On 10 July, the government announced that overseas-based victims of the shootings would receive border exemptions and financial help in order to fly to New Zealand for the sentencing.[90] On 13 July, it was reported that Tarrant had dismissed his lawyers and would be representing himself during sentencing proceedings.[91][92]

Sentencing[edit]

Armed police outside Christchurch courthouse during Tarrant's sentencing.

Sentencing began on 24 August 2020 before Justice Cameron Mander at the Christchurch High Court,[93] and it was televised.[94] Tarrant did not oppose the sentence proposed and declined to address the court.[95][96] The Crown prosecutors demonstrated to the court how Tarrant had meticulously planned the two shootings and more attacks,[97][98] while numerous survivors and their relatives gave victim impact statements, which were covered by national and international media.[99] Tarrant was then sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for each of the 51 murders,[100] and life imprisonment for engaging in a terrorist act and 40 attempted murders.[101] The sentence is New Zealand's first terrorism conviction.[102][103] It was also the first time that life imprisonment without parole, the maximum sentence available in New Zealand, had been imposed.[note 1] Mander said Tarrant's crimes were "so wicked that even if you are detained until you die, it will not exhaust the requirements of punishment and denunciation."[101][105]

Following the sentencing, Deputy Prime Minister Winston Peters called for Tarrant to serve his sentence in Australia in order to avoid New Zealand having to pay the costs for his life imprisonment. The cost of housing Tarrant in prison was estimated at NZ$4,930 per day,[106] compared to an average cost of $338 per sentenced prisoner per day.[107] Peters's remarks were also motivated[citation needed] by Australia's policy of deporting New Zealand citizens who had committed crimes or breached character requirements. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said there is currently no legal basis for the proposal and that respecting the wishes of his victims and their relatives would be paramount. Justice Minister Andrew Little said Parliament would need to pass a law to deport Tarrant to Australia. University of Otago law professor Dr Andrew Geddis said it was "legally impossible" to deport Tarrant to Australia to serve his sentence. On 28 August, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Australian Home Affairs Ministers Peter Dutton advised that, while no formal request had been made by the New Zealand Government to repatriate Tarrant to Australia and for him to serve his life sentence in an Australian correctional facility, the Australian Government was open to considering a request.[108]

Imprisonment[edit]

On 14 April 2021, Tarrant appealed against his prison conditions and his designation as a "terrorist entity" at the Auckland High Court. According to media reports, he is being imprisoned at a special "prison within a prison" known as a "Prisoners of Extreme Risk Unit" with two other inmates. Eighteen guards have been rostered to guard Tarrant, who is being housed in his own wing.[109][110] On 24 April, Tarrant abandoned his appeal against his prison conditions and designation as a "terrorist entity".[111]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ Capital punishment in New Zealand was abolished for murder in 1961, and for all crimes in 1989. The option to sentence an offender to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole was introduced in 2010.[104]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Welby, Peter (16 March 2019). "Ranting 'manifesto' exposes the mixed-up mind of a terrorist". Arab News. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Achenbach, Joel (18 August 2019). "Two mass killings a world apart share a common theme: 'ecofascism'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020.
  3. ↑ Perrigo, Billy. "The New Zealand Attack Exposed How White Supremacy Has Long Flourished Online". Time. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Campbell, Charlie (21 March 2019). "The New Zealand Attacks Show How White Supremacy Went From a Homegrown Issue to a Global Threat". Time. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gilsinan, Kathy (15 March 2019). "How White-Supremacist Violence Echoes Other Forms of Terrorism". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ "Police with the latest information on the mosque shootings". Radio New Zealand. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Bayer, Kurt; Leasl, Anna (24 August 2020). "Christchurch mosque terror attack sentencing: Gunman Brenton Tarrant planned to attack three mosques". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  8. ↑ "Pakistan to honour Christchurch mosque 'hero' with national award". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019. It was the deadliest mass shooting in the country's modern history. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ "PM on mosque shooting: 'One of New Zealand's darkest days'". Newstalk ZB. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  10. ↑ Kaye, Byron (16 March 2019). "In New Zealand, a journey around the world and into darkness". Reuters. Retrieved 26 January 2021 – via www.reuters.com.
  11. ↑ Keogan, Sarah; Chung, Laura (15 March 2019). "From local gym trainer to mosque shooting: Alleged Christchurch shooter's upbringing in Grafton". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Beynen, Martin van; Sherwood, Sam (8 December 2020). "New Zealand 'ideal' for mosque shooter to plan his terrorist attack, royal commission finds". Stuff. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  13. ↑ "Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant was a personal trainer in Grafton". ABC Network. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Perry, Nick (7 December 2020). "Report shows how New Zealand mosque shooter eluded detection". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "Christchurch massacre: Brenton Tarrant's life in Dunedin, NZ". www.news.com.au. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  16. ↑ Reid, Melanie; Jennings, Mark (25 March 2019). "Shooter trained at Otago gun club". Newsroom. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  17. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shootings: Bruce Rifle Club closes in wake of terror". The New Zealand Herald. 17 March 2019. ISSN 1170-0777. Archived from the original on 18 March 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ "Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant described as a 'recluse' by neighbours". Stuff. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  19. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jody (7 December 2020). "March 15 terrorist accidentally shot himself months before mosque attack". Stuff. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  20. ↑ "Who is Christchurch mosque shooting accused? Brenton Tarrant member of Bruce Rifle Club in Milton". New Zealand herald. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ "Perpetrator of New Zealand terrorist attack visited Turkey 'twice'". TRT World. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ "Brenton Tarrant: Suspected New Zealand attacker 'met extreme right-wing groups' during Europe visit, according to security sources". The Independent. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019. The man arrested over the murder of 49 people at mosques in New Zealand is believed to have met extreme right-wing groups during a visit to Europe two years ago, according to security sources. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ Multiple sources:
  24. ↑ Plottu, Pierre; Macé, Maxime. "Le terroriste Brenton Tarrant était «membre bienfaiteur» de Génération identitaire". Libération (in français). Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  25. ↑ "Génération identitaire dissous en conseil des ministres". Le Monde.fr (in français). 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  26. ↑ "3. World travel – 15 April 2014 to 17 August 2017". https://christchurchattack.royalcommission.nz. Retrieved 23 November 2023. External link in |website= (help)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Gec, Jovana (16 March 2019). "New Zealand gunman entranced with Ottoman sites in Europe". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  28. ↑ Schindler, John R. (20 March 2019). "Ghosts of the Balkan wars are returning in unlikely places". Spectator. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Coalson, Robert. "Christchurch Attacks: Suspect Took Inspiration From Former Yugoslavia's Ethnically Fueled Wars". www.rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Zivanovic, Maja. "New Zealand Mosque Gunman 'Inspired by Balkan Nationalists'". Balkaninsight.com. Balkaninsight. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  31. ↑ Mann, Alex; Nguyen, Kevin; Gregory, Katharine (23 March 2019). "Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  32. ↑ Nguyen, Kevin (10 April 2019). "'This marks you': Christchurch shooter sent death threat two years ago". ABC News. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  33. ↑ "Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's focus on strengthening current gun laws after Christchurch terror attacks". Radio New Zealand. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  34. ↑ Pannett, Rachel; Taylor, Rob; Hoyle, Rhiannon (18 March 2019). "New Zealand Shootings: Brenton Tarrant Bought Four Guns Legally Online". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 19 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  35. ↑ "New Zealand cabinet backs change to gun laws within 10 days after mosque shooting". The Independent. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
  36. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shootings: Briefing to Police Minister Stuart Nash shows gun law loophole also exploited by Northland siege killer Quinn Paterson". The New Zealand Herald. 20 March 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  37. ↑ Perry, Nick; Williams, Juliet (21 March 2019). "Thousands descend on site of New Zealand mosque attacks to observe emotional Muslim prayer". The Globe and Mail. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  38. ↑ "Christchurch shootings: NZ cabinet backs tighter gun laws". BBC News. 18 March 2019. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  39. ↑ "Mosque terrorist was wrongly granted firearms licence due to police mistakes, sources say". Stuff. 15 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 "Mosque shooter brandished material glorifying Serb nationalism". www.aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "New Zealand mosque shooter names his 'idols' on weapons he used in massacre". Daily Sabah. Istanbul. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  42. ↑ "New Zealand terror suspect wrote Italian shooter's name on his gun". www.thelocal.it. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  43. ↑ Pai, Akshay (15 March 2019). "New Zealand mosque shooting: Attacker had "kebab remover" written on gun, sported neo-nazi symbolism". MEAWW. Retrieved 17 March 2019.[unreliable source?]
  44. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shooting kills 49, gun laws will change PM says". Stuff.co.nz. 16 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  45. ↑ "49 People Have Been Killed After Mass Shootings at Mosques in New Zealand". BuzzFeed. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  46. ↑ Darby, Luke (5 August 2019). "How the 'Great Replacement' conspiracy theory has inspired white supremacist killers". The Telegraph. London – via ProQuest.
  47. ↑ "Terrorism security expert Chris Kumeroa says New Zealanders need to be alert to potential threats". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  48. ↑ "Jacinda Ardern's office received manifesto from Christchurch shooter minutes before attack". ABC.net. 17 March 2019. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  49. ↑ Wong, Charlene (15 March 2019). "The Manifesto of Brenton Tarrant – a right-wing terrorist on a Crusade". Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  50. ↑ "Australian man named as NZ mosque gunman". The West Australian. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  51. ↑ Gelineau, Kristen; Gambrell, Jon (15 March 2019). "New Zealand mosque shooter is a white nationalist who hates immigrants, documents and video reveal". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  52. ↑ Dearden, Lizzie (16 March 2019). "New Zealand attack: How nonsensical white genocide conspiracy theory cited by gunman is spreading poison around the world". Independent. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  53. ↑ "Invaders from India, Enemies in East: New Zealand Shooter's Post After a Q&A Session With Himself". News18. 16 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  54. ↑ "Attacker posted 87-page "anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim" manifesto". CNN. 15 March 2019.
  55. ↑ Multiple sources:
  56. ↑ Purtill, James (15 March 2019). "Fuelled by a toxic, alt-right echo chamber, Christchurch shooter's views were celebrated online". www.abc.net.au. ABC. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  57. ↑ Kidd, Rob; Miller, Tim (16 March 2019). "Police confirm Dunedin property linked to terror attack". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  58. ↑ Sherwood, Sam (21 March 2019). "Ashburton Muslims in gunman's sights 'feeling lucky' Christchurch shooter stopped". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  59. ↑ Multiple sources:
  60. ↑ Multiple sources:
  61. ↑ Multiple sources:
  62. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shootings: 'Manifesto' deemed objectionable". 23 March 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  63. ↑ "Legal experts say censorship on gunman's manifesto went too far". RNZ. 24 March 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  64. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shooting accused's manifesto being sold overseas is 'disgusting': Jacinda Ardern". 21 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  65. ↑ Moses, A. Dirk (2019). ""White Genocide" and the Ethics of Public Analysis". Journal of Genocide Research. 21 (2): 201–213. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1599493. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  66. ↑ "Brenton Tarrant: The 'ordinary white man' turned mass murderer". The Daily Telegraph. 16 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  67. ↑ "Christchurch shooting: Survivors convinced gunman visited mosque to learn layout". Newshub. Archived from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  68. ↑ "Questions asked by the community". Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  69. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shootings: Police rule out that gunman entered mosque prior to attack". NZ Herald. 12 April 2020. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 "The terrorist attack". Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  71. ↑ Chavez, Nicole; Regan, Helen; Sidhu, Sandi; Sanchez, Ray. "Suspect in New Zealand mosque shootings was prepared 'to continue his attack,' PM says". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  72. ↑ NZ Police v Tarrant, 2019 NZDC 4784 (16 March 2019).
  73. ↑ "Mosque attacks suspect gives "white power" sign in Christchurch court". Axios. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  74. ↑ "New Zealand mosque attack suspect Brenton Tarrant grins in court". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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  76. ↑ "Christchurch shooter: Brenton Tarrant complains about jail". News.com.au. 1 April 2019. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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  88. ↑ Andelane, Lana (13 July 2020). "Christchurch mosque shooting: Brenton Tarrant to represent himself at sentencing". Newshub. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  89. ↑ Bayer, Kurt (13 July 2020). "Christchurch mosque shooting: Brenton Tarrant sacks lawyers, will represent himself at sentencing". New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  90. ↑ Bayer, Kurt (10 July 2020). "Christchurch mosque shooting: Border exceptions for victims based overseas to attend gunman's sentencing". New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
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  97. ↑ "New Zealand court hears how mosque shooter planned deadly attacks". TRT World. 25 August 2020. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  98. ↑ "Christchurch shooting: Gunman Tarrant wanted to kill 'as many as possible'". BBC News. 24 August 2020. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  99. ↑ Multiple sources:
  100. ↑ Lourens, Mariné (27 August 2020). "Christchurch mosque gunman jailed 'until his last gasp'". Stuff. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 R v Tarrant, 2020 NZHC 2192 (Christchurch High Court 27 August 2020).
  102. ↑ "Christchurch mosque attack: Brenton Tarrant sentenced to life without parole". BBC (27 August 2020). Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  103. ↑ Perry, Nick (23 August 2020). "Families confront New Zealand mosque shooter at sentencing". Washington Post. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  104. ↑ "The ins and outs of life without parole". Newswroom. 28 March 2019. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  105. ↑ "New Zealand mosque shooter given life in prison for 'wicked' crimes". Reuters. 27 August 2020. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  106. ↑ Maiden, Samantha (27 August 2020). "Mosque gunman Brenton Tarrant could serve out sentence in Australia, Scott Morrison reveals". NZ Herald. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  107. ↑ "Annual Report 2018/19" (PDF). www.corrections.govt.nz. Department of Corrections (New Zealand). 17 October 2019. p. 16. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  108. ↑ Massola, James; Galloway, Anthony (28 August 2020). "Australia open to taking Christchurch gunman from New Zealand". The Sydney Morning Herald. Reuters. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  109. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shooting: Terrorist launches fresh legal challenge". The New Zealand Herald. 14 April 2021. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  110. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jody (14 April 2021). "Christchurch mosque killer launches legal appeal over 'terrorist status'". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  111. ↑ "New Zealand mosque shooter drops legal challenge over police conditions". Reuters. 24 April 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)


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