British India – Indochinese Union relations
 
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British India
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Union of French Indochina
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The British Raj, like the British and French empires, seemed at its height at the victorious conclusion of the First World War in November 1918. However, as was the case for Britain and France, the war had led to economic and psychological exhaustion. Factors included: the cost to India of participation in WW I and its inflationary impact; the unwise enactment of the Rowlatt Acts; the related Punjab disturbances climaxing in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre; the impact of the Spanish Flu; economic instability in the 1920s; and, pressure for home rule from 1916, the Non-cooperation Movement of the early 1920s and 1930s.
In these difficult conditions the British enacted two major democratizing reforms leading ultimately to Indian independence – the Government of India Act 1919 (enacting the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms) and the Government of India Act 1935. The latter was preceded by the Simon Commission and the Indian Constitutional Round Table Conferences, London 1931-1933. Meanwhile The Popular Front government tried to effect a minor reform of Colonial policy in 1936 which was, however, defeated by the bureaucracy and colons.
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