CGA Technologies
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| Founded | 2011 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Charlie Goldsmith |
| Type | Humanitarian aid |
| Origins | London, UK |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Daniel V. Speckhard, Chairman of the Board of Directors |
Employees | 50 (Worldwide) |
| Website | cgatechnologies |
CGA Technologies (CGA) is an international consultancy firm that creates scalable and sustainable technology systems for local, regional and national governments in some of the world’s poorest countries. It specializes in developing practical management systems for governments and supporting organizations to deliver basic services more effectively with disaggregate and near-real-time accountability, transparency and results data. It also trains civil servants and others to effectively use and maintain those systems.[1]
CGA’s core business is to design, develop and implement bespoke technological solutions to promote human development. Its technology facilitates cash transfers for education, health and social protection; tracks school attendance and health records; and supports government ministries with payroll and human resource systems. CGA’s consultants provide or support strategy development, policy design and guidance, information systems, bespoke technology, and on-ground implementation and operationalization. CGA’s work allows funds and assurance to flow sustainably and enhances basic service sectors to play their role in the fight against extreme poverty, particularly in fragile and conflict-affected contexts.[2]
CGA’s work is primarily focused in the African nations of South Sudan, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Malawi, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.[3] Its staff of more than 50 work in partnership with governments, the private and civil sectors, school systems and local communities to develop technology solutions appropriate for and sustainable in fragile and low-resourced settings that result in increased participation and achievement in education, quality and consistent basic service provision, and cash-in-hand to meet people’s needs.
CGA Technologies is an affiliate of Corus International, a family of sustainable development organizations working together in the world’s most fragile settings to address the interconnected challenges of poverty, health care access and climate change. Corus international subsidiaries include Lutheran World Relief and IMA World Health.[4]
Daniel V. Speckhard, who is the president & CEO of Corus International, chairs the board of directors of CGA Technologies. Charlie Goldsmith serves as the managing director.
== History ==[5]
CGA Technologies originated with a team from the global consultancy Booz & Company in 2008. In 2009 and 2010, the team led in establishing flagship practical public financial management reform. They built the South Sudan Electronic Payroll System (SSEPS)[6] for the Government of South Sudan, tracking the payment of 150,000 teachers, health workers, and other public servants. The system was initially developed for the health and education ministries but expanded to incorporate the whole public sector in South Sudan, including more than 300 ministries, departments and agencies in over 30 locations. At around the same time, the team was supporting the introduction of the President’s Free Health Care Initiative in Sierra Leone.[7] [8] In 2011, members of the Booz team in South Sudan launched their own consultancy firm, Charlie Goldsmith Associates Ltd. (CGA). The CGA team introduced the Sierra Leone health worker attendance monitoring system, with funding from UK Aid and Global Fund. In 2012, CGA played a key role in the design of the £60 million UK Aid Girls’ Education South Sudan (GESS) program and started its first projects in Somalia, including an evaluation of funding of teachers’ salaries in Somaliland and a review of pay and grading in the Somali Health Sector.
For the following eight years after it was launched, the firm partnered with governments, private and civil sectors, school systems, and impoverished communities in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2019, CGA joined the Corus International family and became CGA Technologies, where its work to serve the world’s poorest continues fueled by even greater resources, expanded networks and greater numbers of expert staff.[9]
In addition to its offices in Sierra Leone and South Sudan, CGA opened offices in Kenya and Malawi in 2014 and 2015, respectively. It also maintains an implementing presence in Somalia.
Locations[edit]
Across countries, the majority of CGA’s work has been in the sectors of education, health, social protection, cash transfers, public financial management and humanitarian work. CGA’s functional specialties center around providing vital data technology and management information systems for service delivery, developing cash systems, reforming design and delivery, research, M&E, and providing context-specific expertise.
South Sudan[edit]
As CGA has had a presence in South Sudan since 2005, it is deeply embedded in and knowledgeable about the national context. Ongoing civil war in South Sudan, since 2013, has resulted in high levels of violence, displaced millions of people and exacerbated development challenges.[10] As such, CGA has honed its ability to facilitate service delivery in low-resource settings across South Sudan, particularly in the sectors of education, health, public financial management and humanitarian work. CGA has engaged some of its key functional specialties in its South Sudan work, particularly in designing management information systems for service delivery, developing cash systems, research, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E). CGA’s established presence in South Sudan has also enabled it to build strong relationships with development partners and governmental and non-governmental stakeholders.
CGA’s work in South Sudan includes, for example, leadership on the Knowledge, Evidence, and Research component of the DFID (now FCDO)-funded Girls’ Education South Sudan (GESS) program between 2013 and 2018.[11] This was a five-year program promoting school enrollment, attendance and retention for girls.[12] The CGA team designed, developed and implemented the South Sudan Schools’ Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS), successfully pioneering national, disaggregated daily school attendance reporting via SMS in South Sudan. Over the course of five years, SAMS collected data on 16,000 school grants delivered to more than 4,000 schools across South Sudan as well as 500,000 cash transfers made to 284,000 girls. As a result, enrollment tripled in the schools selected for this program.
Sierra Leone[edit]
CGA colleagues have been working in Sierra Leone since 2005. Since that time, CGA has worked closely with the government to support education, health and human resources, funded by FCDO, UNICEF, the EU, the Global Fund and various ministries of the Government of Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, CGA has lent its expertise in data systems design, M&E and payroll to sectors such as education, health, public financial management and protection. Given Sierra Leone’s experience with Ebola, which claimed over 11,000 lives in West Africa before the epidemic was declared over in 2016, supporting health services is a core component of CGA’s work in Sierra Leone.
Among CGA’s health-related projects in Sierra Leone is its establishment of an effective payroll system for Sierra Leone’s Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS). CGA developed a real-time, at-scale system to support the monitoring of health care workers’ attendance and to strengthen payroll data assurance. This system supported the decentralization of data reporting on health worker attendance to facilities and District HR officers. This system saved the MoHS GBP 238,156 between 2017 and 2018 by identifying and removing staff who were no longer working and sanctioning the payment of staff who had prolonged absences, freeing up resources to reinvest in service delivery. The system is still in use since its handover to the MoHS in 2018, with high rates of reporting, to manage health care worker attendance.[13]
Malawi[edit]
CGA Malawi was opened in 2015 and one of its first projects was building an education data system modeled after SAMS, the Malawi Schools Attendance Monitoring System (MSAMS).[14]
In Malawi, CGA’s functional know-how in developing data and cash systems to improve service delivery has supported the provision of health services, strengthened the education sector and facilitated cash transfers for social protection. These sectors are in vital need of support in Malawi, which has high rates of HIV/AIDS and other diseases and, although improvements have been made, struggles to provide adequate education and social support to its citizens.
Among its projects in Malawi, CGA was commissioned in 2020 to become the co-manager of the Social Cash Transfer Program (SCTP), under the Malawi National Social Support Program. The SCTP aims to reduce poverty and bolster the resilience of recipients by providing bi-monthly, unconditional cash transfers to beneficiaries who qualify as severely impoverished and labor constrained across all 28 districts in Malawi. Working with the Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare, CGA supports the government in tracking and monitoring cash transfers through an MIS and are responsible for upgrading and linking the SCTP database to the United Beneficiary registry, Malawi’s social registry.[15]
Kenya[edit]
CGA’s work in Kenya has centered on harnessing its experience in designing management information systems and cash systems to support programs in education, protection and public financial management. Given that Kenya is home to two of the world’s largest refugee settlements, Kakuma and Dadaab, CGA has been involved in efforts to ensure access to education in these communities.
CGA provided key technical support between 2017 and 2020 on the Kenya Equity in Education Project (KEEP) II, a six-year project funded by DFID and Girls Education Challenge (GEC). KEEP aims to improve the attendance, retention and performance of marginalized girls in primary and secondary school in Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps and surrounding host communities. As part of the project, CGA supported the implementing consortium, led by the World University Service Canada (WUSC), to design and develop IT systems for a cash transfers management system for the purpose of delivering conditional cash transfers (CCTs) to marginalized girls who struggle to attend school regularly. KEEP was among the first projects in Kenya to pay "pure cash" to refugees because of CGA’s negotiations with relevant stakeholders and its knowledge of mobile money systems.[16]
Somalia[edit]
CGA also has a Somalia-based team who have been carrying out projects since 2009, with a particular focus on developing systems for education, health, public financial management, and HR and payroll processes. This includes CGA’s work on the five-year, DFID-funded Somalia Health and Nutrition Program (SHINE),[17] aimed at improving the health and nutrition status of Somalis, with a particular focus on women and children. CGA is supporting activities to strengthen the health system through improvements to health workforce management and policy development. A technical team in Nairobi and field teams in Somalia have developed management information systems designed for low-capacity, low-resource settings and are leading the capacity building process in the roll out of data collection. The reforms will deliver standardized training, job titles, job descriptions, pay grading and remuneration of health workers across Somali health authorities.
Additional locations[edit]
In addition to the countries where it holds branches or has established teams – South Sudan, Sierra Leone, Malawi, Kenya, and Somalia – CGA has applied its expertise to assignments in Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central Africa Republic, Ethiopia, Uganda, Mali, Lesotho, Nigeria, Syria and Rwanda.
In Lesotho, for example, CGA supported the Government to undertake a nationwide Biometric & Payroll Census (BPC) of the public sector between 2018 and 2019, funded by the World Bank under the Public Service Modernization Project.[18] Its aim was to enhance the integrity of the payroll by identifying legitimate public officers, verifying and payroll data and identifying payroll anomalies and inaccuracies. CGA designed and implemented an app and database for real-time data collection and verification to enumerate national and local level public officers in 27 ministries at their work-stations and civil pensioners across the country. The project was later expanded to include volunteer health workers and ultimately verified and enumerated 44,671 public officers and civil pensioners at 2,908 duty stations and 8,694 volunteer health workers at 172 health centers, covering over 8,000 villages. The system identified monthly government payroll savings of nearly $2 million USD through the removal of "ghost" workers.[19]
Sectors[edit]
Education[edit]
CGA has extensive experience in education sector planning and system strengthening. The CGA team builds and supports education data systems/management information systems that drive enrollment, attendance and learning, and deliver real-time data for each pupil and teacher. These systems aid in the delivery of cash transfers and provide key data that informs reforms of the education sector. Specifically, CGA has supported education sector projects in South Sudan, Malawi, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.[20]
Examples:[edit]
In addition to GESS, CGA’s work on the EU-funded IMPACT project in South Sudan, between 2017 and 2020, highlights the firm’s deep knowledge of the education sector in the countries where it works. IMPACT aimed to provide financial incentives, worth USD $40 per month, to primary school teachers to encourage their attendance. CGA created the Human Resources Information System, a management information system used to distribute financial incentives for attendance to 30,000 teachers in primary schools – and to provide management information and oversight systems for all teachers in all schools. The program drove a surge of enrollment in schools across South Sudan, was extended, and eventually paid 690,000 monthly incentives. Under GESS and IMPACT, CGA has been the technical driving force behind major education sector reforms and innovations in South Sudan, including capitation grants, cash transfers and teacher incentives, which have seen school enrollment almost triple from 0.9 million in 2014 to 2.7 million in 2020.[21]
In Malawi, between 2018 and 2020, CGA worked closely with Malawi’s Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MoEST) on the Malawi Education Sector Improvement Program (MESIP), funded through the Global Partnership for Education.[22] MESIP aims to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of primary education in Malawi. One of the project’s objectives is to improve learning outcomes, accountability and cost-effectiveness at the school level, for which CGA led on two activities. One was the development of an application for education officers to monitor pupil and teacher enrolment and other variables, with automated reports to local and national government. It is used in 21% of all primary schools in Malawi. The second was the development of a real-time, two-way voice and SMS platform to enable MoEST to communicate with and receive messages from community members on issues affecting education service delivery in their area. It is a real-time communication platform between schools, communities, sub-national education government and MoEST. It currently has over 7,000 subscribers and is available in 150 school communities across 8 Districts in Malawi.[23]
Health[edit]
CGA supports government and development partners in health systems strengthening, specifically in regard to public financial management, HR and accountability systems for conflict-affected people that last through economic and conflict shocks. CGA assists national level health authorities in strengthening their health workforce management through consultations, surveys and management information systems. CGA field teams support government and partners to more effectively manage the health workforce, health information systems, planning, budgeting and financing processes. CGA has supported health projects in Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Somalia, Lesotho, DRC and Nigeria.
Examples:[edit]
In DRC, CGA undertook a qualitative study aimed at understanding funding flows and financial management of hospitals, harnessing its experience in public financial management and health. The aim of the study was to provide insights on the development of long-term systemic structures whereby government funding can effectively flow to health service delivery units across the DRC, including identifying potential barriers preventing hospitals from accessing government funding. CGA’s research fed into systematic recommendations with a supporting action plan for how these blockages could be overcome.[24]
The Health Pool Fund (HPF) is a multiple-donor program delivered in partnership with the Government of South Sudan’s Ministry of Health to transform the lives of millions of people in South Sudan by providing access to quality basic health services.[25] The HPF provided over eight million patient consultations and, from 2012 to 2017, CGA led the support for public financial management and developing a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) for Health. CGA supported fiduciary risk management and health systems strengthening through payroll and HRIS roll out in six of 10 South Sudanese states, enrolling more than 6,000 health facility staff details onto the cloud-based system. CGA also redeveloped the MoH website (southsudanhealth.info) to display data collected in real-time, designing it based on national information management systems, analysis of facility visits, financial and human resource ‘inputs’, and service provision. CGA started the project supporting health services in 60% of South Sudan’s states, which increased to 80%.[26]
Social Protection[edit]
CGA creates systems for at-scale cash support to reach those who need it, using appropriate technology, based on education and social registry data, paying out in ways that uphold recipients’ dignity, helping governments deliver sustainably for their citizens for humanitarian, social protection and sector-specific objectives. In social protection, CGA focuses specifically on approaches that anticipate and mitigate life-cycle vulnerabilities.
Examples:[edit]
In Ethiopia, CGA was brought on by World Vision for the Ethiopians Fight Against Child Exploitation (E-FACE) project, which was a four-year effort to reduce child labor in three regions of Ethiopia.[27][28] CGA developed a bespoke Child Labor Monitoring Information System to monitor beneficiary and household data amongst three partners using a synchronized database suitable for a low-connectivity environment. CGA's work contributed to the project's success in the development of local child labor mechanisms, with 84% of target communities having structures in place to eradicate child labor such as child protection committees or child labor monitoring committees.[29]
In 2019, CGA was commissioned by the World Bank to lead on research for the Strengthening Social Protection Systems project in South Sudan. The purpose of this research was to inform the strengthening of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), which was established as part of the Safety Net and Skills Development Project. CGA evaluated the working of the GRM at the time and provided recommendations for strengthening the active inclusion of vulnerable and marginalized groups. As part of this, CGA carried out a global review of experiences/models on how GRMs could be enhanced to better identify, mitigate, and address risks to VMGs in social protection delivery systems and public works activities in other similar countries in the region and globally.[30]
Humanitarian[edit]
CGA uses its expertise in data and cash systems, research and M&E to assist in humanitarian interventions in complex settings. In particular, the systems it has developed to support the delivery cash transfers have provided vital support to marginalized and vulnerable groups.[31]
Examples:[edit]
In 2018 and 2019, UNICEF commissioned CGA to conduct a feasibility study for a global approach to data management for humanitarian cash transfers. As part of the study, a CGA team of cash and voucher assistance and information management specialists conducted an extensive desk review and in-person consultations with UNICEF staff at HQ, and program stakeholders in countries such as DRC, Yemen, Syria, and Somalia as well as stakeholders with WFP and UNHCR in Rome and Geneva. CGA identified the requirements for a centralized humanitarian cash transfer management information system through a consultative and iterative approach. CGA also provided technical recommendations for the development of this system.[32]
In 2018, funded by the Dutch Relief Alliance and working with PLAN International in South Sudan, CGA developed and implemented an electronic vouchers system linked to a physical “Up2you Card” (formerly called the “PLANcard”). This system allows beneficiaries to pick up their entitlements when they want and enables them to spread their entitlement collection out over the period of a month, instead of collecting everything at once. The card allows vulnerable populations in conflict-affected areas to access vital commodities while supporting the local economy. The success of this highly secure, online payment and value system is leading to a scale-up of the product.[33]
Public Financial Management[edit]
As part of CGA’s efforts in sustainable systems strengthening, CGA works to foster transparent systems and empowered communities by decentralizing resources, with robust public financial management processes, to ensure effective service delivery and empower local authorities and communities. This includes maximizing complementarities between donors’ and governments’ financial and technical management objectives. As with its work in all sectors, CGA specializes in delivering public financial management projects in fragile and conflict-affected locations, where CGA staff build useful, sustainable systems amid limited resources. The majority of CGA’s public financial management work is done in the education, health, social protection, and HR sectors.
CGA has worked on PFM assignments in South Sudan, Kenya, Lesotho, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Nigeria, Malawi, and Ethiopia.
Examples:[edit]
Starting in 2019, CGA has been supporting South Sudan’s Ministry of Financial Planning in their long-term pledge to increase budget transparency. This is done through implementing accountability measures, creating national and state-level citizens’ budgets, reviving State Mentoring Teams and State Transfer Monitoring Committee, and developing a Budget & Transfers website where state ministries can upload key budget documents. CGA has also engaged the wider public through budget transparency sessions using radio shows, an academic forum and panel discussion, and producing a citizen’s budget.[34]
From 2017 to 2020, CGA was commissioned by GIZ to develop a Project Management Monitoring, Evaluating and Reporting system to monitor budget and expenditure in Elgeyo-Marakwet County in Kenya. Since 2013, the county government was working to increase transparency and accountability but, in 2017, procurement processes and projects management practices were identified as areas that still needed to be addressed. CGA developed a system to help respond to this need. The system CGA created not only supports improved decision making and enhanced governance processes, but also enables citizens and development partners to monitor the progress of projects against key performance indicators, strengthening transparency and accountability.[35]
Functions[edit]
Public Sector Reform[edit]
CGA collaborates with government partners to identify, advise and act on opportunities for public sector reform. This includes work on assignments such as creating a payroll system for the public sector in South Sudan and technical leadership in building the Unified Social Registry in Somalia.[36]
Developing data technology and information systems[edit]
CGA works with development partners across sectors to develop data technology and information systems that facilitate service delivery, notably in education. Among such assignments is creating school attendance monitoring systems such as SAMS in South Sudan and MSAMS in Malawi. Such systems also facilitate the provision of cash transfers to boost enrollment and attendance.[37]
Designing cash systems[edit]
CGA has designed cash transfer systems to boost social protection efforts and facilitate improved educational outcomes. These systems have been deployed across contexts and projects, including work such as GESS in South Sudan, the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Program, and KEEP in Kenya.[38]
Research, monitoring and evaluation[edit]
CGA has expertise in developing and implementing M&E systems that assist in monitoring projects’ progress and enable development partners to respond accordingly. This includes work on projects such as Leave No Girl Behind (LNGB) in Malawi[39] and leading on research to inform the strengthening of the GRM in South Sudan.[40]
External Links[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "CGA Technologies/Who We Are". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "CGA Technologies/What We Do". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "CGA Technologies/Where We Work". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Corus International/Who We Are". Corus International. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Our History". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "South Sudan launches electronic payroll system". Sudan Tribune. February 3, 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ Donnelly, John (April 23, 2011). "How did Sierra Leone provide free health care?". The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1393-1396. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Development and implementation of South Sudan Electronic Payroll System". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Introducing CGA Technologies, a new name and a bigger impact for Charlie Goldsmith Associates". Yahoo Finance. Cision Inc. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "South Sudan wakes up to nation building". Financial Times. July 10, 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ van der Meulen, Emma (January 2017). "Education development in a fragile environment: lessons from Girls' Education South Sudan". Humanitarian Practice Network. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ Mednick, Sam (June 4, 2019). "South Sudan's future depends on getting children back in school, aid actors say". Devex. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ Chu, Erin (October 11, 2012). "The role of better pay and active staff management to deliver and sustain free health care in Sierra Leone" (PDF). Case study at the Medicus Mundi International Network Expert Meeting on Health Systems Strengthening in Fragile States at the Royal Tropical Institute. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Malawi Schools Attendance Monitoring System". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme - Technical Assistance to the Government in the Management of the Programme ("Lot 1")". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Kenya Equity in Education Project (KEEP) II - Cash Transfers Tracking System". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Somali Health and Nutrition Programme (SHINE) 2016-2021". Development Tracker. UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Lesotho Public Service Census 2018". Lesotho Ministry of Public Service. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Lesotho Biometric and Payroll Census". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ Goldsmith, Charlie. ""Teachers' pay - making the pipe work": The role of improving teachers' payroll systems for education service delivery and state legitimacy in selected conflict-affected countries in Africa" (PDF). USAID Education in Crisis and Conflict Network. UNESCO. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "UNICEF South Sudan: Cluster Leads Newsletter, June - July 2017". ReliefWeb. UNICEF. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Malawi Education Sector Improvement Project (MESIP)". The World Bank Projects. The World Bank. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Malawi Education Sector Improvement Programme (MESIP) - Development of Attendance-Tracking App, and a Two-Way Feedback Response Mechanism". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Government Hospital Financing Flow Study, Democratic Republic of Congo". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Health Pooled Fund 2 - South Sudan". EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa. The European Union. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Health Pooled Fund, South Sudan - Public Financial Management Lead". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Ethiopians Fighting Against Child Exploitation (E-FACE) Report". World Vision Philanthropy. World Vision International. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Ethiopians Fighting Against Child Exploitation (E-FACE)" (PDF). World Vision International. World Vision Ethiopia. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Ethiopians Fighting Against Child Exploitation (E-FACE) - Child Labour Monitoring System". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Strengthening Social Protection Systems in South Sudan". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ Goldsmith, Charlie (September 25, 2019). "A much-loved English bear points to cash programming that has more impact". Development Pathways. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Feasibility Assessment for a global UNICEF Humanitarian Cash Transfer (HCT) Management Information System (MIS)". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "PlanCard South Sudan - An Electronic Voucher System". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Citizens' Budget, South Sudan". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Elgeyo Marakwet County (Kenya) - Development and Support of Accountability Systems". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Unified Social Registry for Somalia (USR) - System Design and Implementation". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Malawi Schools Attendance Monitoring System". CGA Technologies. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ Clugston, Naomi. "Breaking Barriers to Girls' Education by Breaking Cycles of Poverty. Cash Transfers in Sudan: A Case Study" (PDF). CALP Network. Cash Learning Partnership. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "TEAM Girl: Malawi". TEAM Girl. UK Department for International Development. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
- ↑ "Enhancing Social Protection Systems for conflict sensitive delivery in South Sudan - Grievance Redress Mechanism Assessment Report" (PDF). WorldBank.org. The World Bank. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
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