Central European Highlands
The Central European Highlands, in a broad sense, comprise the high mountains of the Alpine Mountains and the Carpathian Mountains systems along with mountainous ranges of medium elevation (between about 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft) a.s.l.), e.g. those belonging to the Bohemian Massif, still prevailingly of mountainous character.
Both types of mountains act as ”water towers”. Their high elevation brings about high precipitation and low evaporation, and the resulting surplus of water balance feeds large European rivers and other important water sources. Beside the mountains, large areas of Central Europe are occupied by highlands or peneplains of lower altitude (400–800 m (1,300–2,600 ft)) in which the surplus of annual water balance is less noticeable.
It includes the uplands of Central Europe and southwestern Europe. Blocks of elevated highlands are found as dissected plateaus and faulted valleys. These are the Messeta plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, the Central massif of France, the highlands of Brittany and south west Ireland, the Rhine highlands, the Vosges, the Black Forest of the Rhine and so on. These are on the map.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
References
- ↑ Pusch, Martin; Behrendt, Horst; Gancarczyk, Aleksandra; Kronvang, Brian; Sandin, Leonard; Stendera, Sonja; Wolter, Christian; Andersen, Hans E.; Fischer, Helmut (2009-01-01), Tockner, Klement; Uehlinger, Urs; Robinson, Christopher T., eds., "Chapter 14 - Rivers of the Central European Highlands and Plains", Rivers of Europe, London: Academic Press, pp. 525–576, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-369449-2.00014-x, ISBN 978-0-12-369449-2, retrieved 2021-09-29
- ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285992779_Rivers_of_the_Central_European_Highlands_and_Plains
- ↑ "Central European highlands and their hydrological role, with special". studylib.net. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
- ↑ "Central European Uplands 511 - region, boats, mountains, rhine, valleys and german". gluedideas.com. Archived from the original on 2021-09-29. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
- ↑ Leopold, Matthias; Völkel, Jörg (2003). "GPR images of periglacial slope deposits beneath peat bogs in the Central European Highlands, Germany". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 211 (1): 181–189. Bibcode:2003GSLSP.211..181L. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.211.01.15. ISSN 0305-8719. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Michniewicz, Aleksandra (2019-06-01). "Tors in Central European Mountains – are they indicators of past environments?". Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series. 16 (1): 67–87. doi:10.2478/bgeo-2019-0005. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ M. Gude, S. Dietrich, R. Mäusbacher Department of Geography, University of Jena, Germany C. Hauck Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, University of Karlsruhe, Germany R. Molenda Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland V. Ruzicka Institute of Entomology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic M. Zacharda Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (2003). Probable occurrence of sporadic permafrost in non-alpine scree slopes in central Europe (PDF). Permafrost, Phillips, Springman & Arenson (eds). Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse. ISBN 90-5809-582-7.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Search this book on
- ↑ Samec P., Kučera A., Tuček P. (2014). "Fluctuations in the properties of forest soils in the Central European highlands (Czech Republic)". Soil and Water Research. 9: 201–213. doi:10.17221/68/2013-swr.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Lehrian, Stephanie; Pauls, Steffen U.; Haase, Peter (2009). "Contrasting patterns of population structure in the montane caddisflies Hydropsyche tenuis and Drusus discolor in the Central European highlands". Freshwater Biology. 54 (2): 283–295. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02107.x. ISSN 0046-5070.
- ↑ https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.elsevier-4f6571e3-f172-3848-9d8b-7e5c5f3eeb14
- ↑ Novak, M.; Emmanuel, S.; Vile, M. A.; Erel, Y.; Veron, A. J.; Wieder, R. K. (2003-03-20). "The provenance of lead in Central European peat bogs". Programme and Abstracts - International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (ISEG). 6: 41.
- ↑ "Fluctuations in the properties of forest soils in the Central European highlands (Czech Republic) - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
- ↑ "Germany". ArcGIS StoryMaps. 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
- ↑ Robin, Vincent; Bork, Hans-Rudolf; Nadeau, Marie-Josée; Nelle, Oliver (2014-01-01). "Fire and forest history of central European low mountain forest sites based on soil charcoal analysis: The case of the eastern Harz". The Holocene. 24 (1): 35–47. Bibcode:2014Holoc..24...35R. doi:10.1177/0959683613515727. ISSN 0959-6836. Unknown parameter
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