Finno-Ugric countries
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The Finno-Ugric countries are the three independent nation states with a national majority that speaks a Finno-Ugric language: Finland and Estonia, which are inhabited by Baltic Finnic peoples, and Hungary, which is majority Magyar.[1] The three countries are represented in the Finno-Ugric Congress.[2][3] They work together in funding research on Finno-Ugric topics and in protecting the minority rights of other Finno-Ugric-speaking nations that do not occupy sovereign states; collectively these have been called Fenno-Ugria.[4]
Modern entities[edit]
Independent sovereign states[edit]
Balto-Finnic[edit]
| Name | Capital | Founded |
|---|---|---|
 Finland
|
Helsinki | 6 December 1917 |
 Estonia
|
Tallinn | 24 February 1918 |
Ugric[edit]
| Name | Capital | Founded |
|---|---|---|
 Hungary
|
Budapest | c. 895 |
Countries where Finno-Ugric languages have official or co-official status[edit]
Saami[edit]
| Name | Capital | Language(s) |
|---|---|---|
Finland:  Sámi homeland
|
Sajos | Sami |
 Norway
|
Oslo | Sami and Kven |
 Sweden
|
Stockholm | Finnish, Meänkieli and Sami |
The recently extinct Livonian language has special though unofficial status in 
Latvia.
Ugric[edit]
| Name | Capital | Language(s) |
|---|---|---|
 Romania
|
Localities with populations over 20% ethnic Hungarian (all in Transylvania) | Hungarian |
Serbia:  Vojvodina
|
Novi Sad | Hungarian |
Permic[edit]
| Name | Capital | Language(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Russia: Template:Country data Komi | Syktyvkar | Komi |
Russia:  Udmurtia
|
Izhevsk | Udmurt |
Volgaic[edit]
| Name | Capital | Language(s) |
|---|---|---|
Russia:  Mari El
|
Yoshkar-Ola | Meadow Mari, Hill Mari |
Russia:  Mordovia
|
Saransk | Erzya, Moksha |
Provinces and autonomous regions without official or co-official status[edit]
| Country | Region | Language(s) | Administrative center | Founded |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Austria
|
 Burgenland
|
Hungarian | Eisenstadt | 1921 |
| Norway
|
 Finnmark
|
Northern Sami | Vadsø | 1576 |
 Troms
|
Northern Sami | Tromsø | 1866 | |
 Nordland
|
Sami | Bodø | 17th century | |
 Trøndelag
|
Southern Sami | Trondheim | 1687 | |
 Russia
|
 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
|
Khanty, Mansi | Khanty-Mansiysk | 10 December 1930 |
 Perm Krai
|
Komi-Permyak | Perm | 1 December 2005 | |
 Karelia Republic
|
Karelian, Vepsian, Finnish | Petrozavodsk | 16 July 1956 | |
 Slovenia
|
Prekmurje | Hungarian | Murska Sobota | Unknown |
| Sweden
|
 Norrbotten County
|
Meänkieli, Sami | Luleå | 1810 |
 Ukraine
|
 Mukacheve Raion
|
Hungarian | Mukacheve | 9 November 1953 |
Historical states and dynasties[edit]
Hungarian states[edit]
| Name | Year(s) | Capital | Map |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hétmagyar confederation | 9th century | Unknown | |
 Principality of Hungary
|
895–1000 | Esztergom and Székesfehérvár | |
 Árpád Kingdom
|
1000–1301 | Esztergom and Székesfehérvár | 
|
 Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)
|
1301–1526 | Esztergom, Székesfehérvár and Buda | |
| Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (vassal under  Ottoman Empire)
|
1526–1551 1556–1570 |
Buda (1526–41) Lippa (1541–42) Gyulafehérvár (1542–70) |
|
 Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary(since 1804 crownland of the Austrian Empire)
|
1526–1867 | Buda (1526–1536, 1784–1873) Pressburg (1536–1783) |
|
 Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)(vassal under Ottoman Empire)
|
1570–1711 | Gyulafehérvár (1570–1692) Nagyszeben (1692–1711) |
|
| Principality of Upper Hungary (vassal under Ottoman Empire)
|
1682–1685 | Kassa | 
|
 Grand Principality of Transylvania(since 1804 part of the Austrian Empire)
|
1711–1867 | Nagyszeben (1711–1791, 1848–1861) Kolozsvár (1791–1848, 1861–1867) |
|
| Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (part of  Austria-Hungary)
|
1867–1918 | Budapest | 
|
Note: some of these countries, while not predominantly ethnically Hungarian, were ruled by Hungarians, so they are considered as such here.
Post-World War I states[edit]
| Name | Year(s) | Capital | Map |
|---|---|---|---|
 Soviet Republic of Naissaar
|
1917–1918 | Obernargen | 
|
 Kingdom of Finland
|
1918–1919 | Helsinki | 
|
 Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
|
1918 | Helsinki | 
|
| Estonia (1918–40)
|
1918–40 | Tallinn | 
|
 Republic of East Karelia
|
1918–1920 | Uhtua | 
|
 First Hungarian Republic
|
1918–1919 | Budapest | 
|
 Estonian Worker's Commune
|
1918–1919 | Narva | 
|
 North Ingria
|
1919–1920 | Kirjasalo | 
|
 Hungarian Soviet Republic
|
1919 | Budapest | 
|
 Hungarian Republic (1919–20)
|
1919–1920 | Budapest | |
| Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)
|
1920–1946 | Budapest | .svg)
|
 Banate of Leitha
|
1921 | Oberwart | 
|
| Finnish Democratic Republic | 1939–1940 | Terijoki | 
|
| Template:Country data Second Hungarian Republic | 1946–1949 | Budapest | .png)
|
| Hungarian People's Republic
|
1949–1989 | Budapest | 
|
Autonomous regions[edit]
| Name | Year(s) | Capital | Map |
|---|---|---|---|
 Autonomous Governorate of Estonia(under Template:Country data Russian Republic) |
1917–1918 | Tallinn | 
|
 Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic(under  Soviet Union)
|
1923–1940 1956–1991 |
Petrozavodsk | .svg)
|
 Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic(under Soviet Union)
|
1934–1990 | Saransk | |
 Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic(under Soviet Union)
|
1934–1990 | Izhevsk | |
 Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic(under Soviet Union)
|
1936–1990 | Syktyvkar | |
 Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic(under Soviet Union)
|
1936–1990 | Yoshkar-Ola | |
 Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic(under Soviet Union)
|
1940–1956 | Petrozavodsk |
|
 Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic(under Soviet Union)
|
1940–1991 | Tallinn | 
|
 Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina(under  Yugoslavia)
|
1944–1992 | Novi Sad | 
|
| Magyar Autonomous Region (under  Romania)
|
1952–1968 | Târgu Mureș | 
|
 Veps National Volost(under Russia)
|
1994–2004 | Shyoltozero |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Korkut, Umut (21 April 2009). "Eager, Pragmatic or Reluctant: Can Common Finno-Ugric Ethnic and Linguistic Links Substantiate Intra-EU CFSP Co-Operation?". SSRN 1392787. Retrieved 20 February 2018 – via papers.ssrn.com.
- ↑ Ruotsala, Helena (20 February 2018). "X Finno-Ugric Congress in Mari El". Ethnologia Fennica. 32: 74–76. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018 – via journal.fi. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "FennoUgria: World Congresses". ftp.eki.ee. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Casen, Marie (30 June 2014). "Udmurt Identity Issues: Core Moments from the Middle Ages to the Present Day". Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics. 8 (1): 91–110. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018 – via www.jef.ee. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)
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