Finno-Ugric countries

The Finno-Ugric countries are the three independent nation states with a national majority that speaks a Finno-Ugric language: Finland and Estonia, which are inhabited by Baltic Finnic peoples, and Hungary, which is majority Magyar. The three countries are represented in the Finno-Ugric Congress. They work together in funding research on Finno-Ugric topics and in protecting the minority rights of other Finno-Ugric-speaking nations that do not occupy sovereign states; collectively these have been called Fenno-Ugria.

Modern entities

Independent sovereign states

Balto-Finnic

Name	Capital	Founded
Finland	Helsinki	6 December 1917
Estonia	Tallinn	24 February 1918

Ugric

Name	Capital	Founded
Hungary	Budapest	c. 895

Countries where Finno-Ugric languages have official or co-official status

Saami

Name	Capital	Language(s)
Finland: Sámi homeland	Sajos	Sami
Norway	Oslo	Sami and Kven
Sweden	Stockholm	Finnish, Meänkieli and Sami

The recently extinct Livonian language has special though unofficial status in Latvia.

Ugric

Name	Capital	Language(s)
Romania	Localities with populations over 20% ethnic Hungarian (all in Transylvania)	Hungarian
Serbia: Vojvodina	Novi Sad	Hungarian

Permic

Name	Capital	Language(s)
Russia: Komi	Syktyvkar	Komi
Russia: Udmurtia	Izhevsk	Udmurt

Volgaic

Name	Capital	Language(s)
Russia: Mari El	Yoshkar-Ola	Meadow Mari, Hill Mari
Russia: Mordovia	Saransk	Erzya, Moksha

Provinces and autonomous regions without official or co-official status

Country	Region	Language(s)	Administrative center	Founded
Austria	Burgenland	Hungarian	Eisenstadt	1921
Norway	Finnmark	Northern Sami	Vadsø	1576
	Troms	Northern Sami	Tromsø	1866
	Nordland	Sami	Bodø	17th century
	Trøndelag	Southern Sami	Trondheim	1687
Russia	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug	Khanty, Mansi	Khanty-Mansiysk	10 December 1930
	Perm Krai	Komi-Permyak	Perm	1 December 2005
	Karelia Republic	Petrozavodsk	Karelian, Vepsian, Finnish	16 July 1956
Slovenia	Prekmurje	Hungarian	Murska Sobota	Unknown
Sweden	Norrbotten County	Meänkieli, Sami	Luleå	1810
Ukraine	Mukacheve Raion	Hungarian	Mukacheve	9 November 1953

Historical states and dynasties

Hungarian states

Name	Year(s)	Capital	Map
Hétmagyar confederation	9th century	Unknown
Principality of Hungary	895–1000	Esztergom and Székesfehérvár
Árpád Kingdom	1000–1301	Esztergom and Székesfehérvár
Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)	1301–1526	Esztergom, Székesfehérvár and Buda
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (vassal under Ottoman Empire)	1526–1551 1556–1570	Buda (1526–41) Lippa (1541–42) Gyulafehérvár (1542–70)
Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary (since 1804 crownland of the Austrian Empire)	1526–1867	Buda (1526–1536, 1784–1873) Pressburg (1536–1783)
Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) (vassal under Ottoman Empire)	1570–1711	Gyulafehérvár (1570–1692) Nagyszeben (1692–1711)
Principality of Upper Hungary (vassal under Ottoman Empire)	1682–1685	Kassa
Grand Principality of Transylvania (since 1804 part of the Austrian Empire)	1711–1867	Nagyszeben (1711–1791, 1848–1861) Kolozsvár (1791–1848, 1861–1867)
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (part of Austria-Hungary)	1867–1918	Budapest

Note: some of these countries, while not predominantly ethnically Hungarian, were ruled by Hungarians, so they are considered as such here.

Post-World War I states

Name	Year(s)	Capital	Map
Soviet Republic of Naissaar	1917–1918	Obernargen
Kingdom of Finland	1918–1919	Helsinki
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic	1918	Helsinki
Estonia Estonia (1918–40)	1918–40	Tallinn
Republic of East Karelia	1918–1920	Uhtua
First Hungarian Republic	1918–1919	Budapest
Estonian Worker's Commune	1918–1919	Narva
North Ingria	1919–1920	Kirjasalo
Hungarian Soviet Republic	1919	Budapest	File:Nepkoztarsasag.png
Hungarian Republic (1919–20)	1919–1920	Budapest
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)	1920–1946	Budapest	File:Kingdom of Hungary (1942).svg
Banate of Leitha	1921	Oberwart	File:Burgenland in Austria.svg
Finnish Democratic Republic	1939–1940	Terijoki	File:Suomen-kansantasavalta.png
Template:Country data Second Hungarian Republic	1946–1949	Budapest	File:Ungheria (1945-1949).png
Hungarian People's Republic	1949–1989	Budapest	File:Hungary 1956-1990.svg

Autonomous regions

Name	Year(s)	Capital	Map
Autonomous Governorate of Estonia (under Russian Republic)	1917–1918	Tallinn	File:Estonia1925physical.jpg
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (under Soviet Union)	1923–1940 1956–1991	Petrozavodsk	File:Soviet Union - Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940).svg
Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (under Soviet Union)	1934–1990	Saransk
Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (under Soviet Union)	1934–1990	Izhevsk
Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (under Soviet Union)	1936–1990	Syktyvkar
Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (under Soviet Union)	1936–1990	Yoshkar-Ola
Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (under Soviet Union)	1940–1956	Petrozavodsk	File:Soviet Union - Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940).svg
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (under Soviet Union)	1940–1991	Tallinn	File:Soviet Union - Estonian SSR.svg
Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (under Yugoslavia)	1944–1992	Novi Sad	File:Locator map Vojvodina in Yugoslavia and Serbia.svg
Magyar Autonomous Region (under Romania)	1952–1968	Târgu Mureș	File:Magyar Autonomous Region.png
Veps National Volost (under Russia)	1994–2004	Shyoltozero

See also

• World Congress of Finno-Ugric Peoples

References

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